Ads not shown when logged in
-
Automated Tracker
Shut up about Barclay Perkins - Materials used in brewing in the USA 1941 - 1955
Visit the Shut up about Barclay Perkins site
You’ve probably already guessed that you’re in for a whole load of numbers. Lots and lots of them. I’m still saving up spare words for Christmas. Don’t expect many.
Where to start? I know. With some numbers.
Materials used in brewing in the USA 1941 - 1955 (lbs) |
Year |
Production (barrels) |
Malt |
Corn and corn products |
Rice |
Wheat |
Barley |
Sorghum grains and sorghum products |
Soybeans and soybean prods. |
sugar and syrups |
Other materials |
total |
1941 |
55,213,850 |
1,954,267,618 |
432,341,547 |
204,297,333 |
3,508,975 |
— |
— |
— |
135,531,375 |
— |
2,729,946,848 |
1942 |
63,716,697 |
2,260,303,931 |
566,807,517 |
171,364,293 |
3,712,050 |
— |
— |
— |
147,271,062 |
— |
3,149,458,853 |
1943 |
71,018,257 |
2,393,607,097 |
722,377,366 |
152,546,147 |
5,723,799 |
— |
— |
— |
150,954,828 |
4,990,702 |
3,430,199,939 |
1944 |
81,725,820 |
2,290,435,572 |
873,894,609 |
185,699,432 |
35,879,734 |
187,376,446 |
(a) |
(b) |
183,936,092 |
9,133,202 |
3,766,355,087 |
1945 |
86,604,080 |
2,198,690,447 |
939,959,948 |
214,607,248 |
50,214,535 |
175,922,987 |
110,895,011 |
5,172,693 |
238,599,315 |
185,866 |
3,934,248,050 |
1946 |
84,977,700 |
2,163,269,238 |
790,676,699 |
240,830,895 |
48,056,971 |
159,593,299 |
156,556,138 |
6,691,056 |
226,412,612 |
5,739,591 |
3,797,826,499 |
1947 |
87,856,902 |
2,513,788,652 |
719,300,506 |
172,199,735 |
769,790 |
13,777,421 |
88,995,670 |
4,885,118 |
218,598,828 |
114,352,672 |
3,846,668,392 |
1948 |
91,291,219 |
2,796,262,968 |
810,144,155 |
302,281,030 |
5,129,348 |
7,962,618 |
34,821,925 |
4,126,934 |
193,275,206 |
26,857,753 |
4,180,861,937 |
1949 |
89,735,647 |
2,751,293,954 |
818,113,488 |
299,961,581 |
6,927,460 |
6,464,395 |
7,999,695 |
3,920,970 |
180,631,082 |
17,635,770 |
4,092,948,395 |
1950 |
88,807,075 |
2,707,240,886 |
852,074,810 |
320,830,068 |
7,284,480 |
3,701,700 |
629,392 |
3,701,383 |
154,875,158 |
285,520 |
4,050,623,397 |
1951 |
88,976,226 |
2,676,405,176 |
876,103,113 |
339,116,702 |
6,525,193 |
2,579,632 |
193,600 |
3,295,380 |
136,114,360 |
15,474 |
4,040,348,630 |
1952 |
89,600,916 |
2,653,518,877 |
920,372,813 |
337,305,542 |
6,236,085 |
802,828 |
829,650 |
3,099,651 |
119,930,017 |
8,676 |
4,042,104,139 |
1953 |
90,433,832 |
2,666,095,392 |
963,028,027 |
324,920,748 |
6,203,690 |
522,790 |
29,600 |
2,714,324 |
115,445,233 |
8,000 |
4,078,967,804 |
1954 |
92,561,067 |
2,727,540,671 |
1,004,501,475 |
313,680,318 |
5,986,583 |
363,900 |
67,500 |
2,020,341 |
113,417,170 |
— |
4,167,577,958 |
1955 |
89,791,154 |
2,627,010,323 |
913,693,701 |
375,111,692 |
5,423,575 |
357,920 |
— |
1,601,610 |
108,604,325 |
— |
4,031,803,146 |
Source: |
Various editions of the "The Brewers Almanac" |
You know the drill. These numbers make much more sense as percentages:
Materials used in brewing in the USA 1941 - 1955 (%) |
Year |
Malt |
Corn and corn products |
Rice |
Wheat |
Barley |
Sorghum grains and sorghum products |
Soybeans and soybean prods. |
sugar and syrups |
Other materials |
1941 |
71.59% |
15.84% |
7.48% |
0.13% |
|
|
|
4.96% |
|
1942 |
71.77% |
18.00% |
5.44% |
0.12% |
|
|
|
4.68% |
|
1943 |
69.78% |
21.06% |
4.45% |
0.17% |
|
|
|
4.40% |
0.15% |
1944 |
60.81% |
23.20% |
4.93% |
0.95% |
4.98% |
|
|
4.88% |
0.24% |
1945 |
55.89% |
23.89% |
5.45% |
1.28% |
4.47% |
2.82% |
0.13% |
6.06% |
0.00% |
1946 |
56.96% |
20.82% |
6.34% |
1.27% |
4.20% |
4.12% |
0.18% |
5.96% |
0.15% |
1947 |
65.35% |
18.70% |
4.48% |
0.02% |
0.36% |
2.31% |
0.13% |
5.68% |
2.97% |
1948 |
66.88% |
19.38% |
7.23% |
0.12% |
0.19% |
0.83% |
0.10% |
4.62% |
0.64% |
1949 |
67.22% |
19.99% |
7.33% |
0.17% |
0.16% |
0.20% |
0.10% |
4.41% |
0.43% |
1950 |
66.84% |
21.04% |
7.92% |
0.18% |
0.09% |
0.02% |
0.09% |
3.82% |
0.01% |
1951 |
66.24% |
21.68% |
8.39% |
0.16% |
0.06% |
0.00% |
0.08% |
3.37% |
0.00% |
1952 |
65.65% |
22.77% |
8.34% |
0.15% |
0.02% |
0.02% |
0.08% |
2.97% |
0.00% |
1953 |
65.36% |
23.61% |
7.97% |
0.15% |
0.01% |
0.00% |
0.07% |
2.83% |
0.00% |
1954 |
65.45% |
24.10% |
7.53% |
0.14% |
0.01% |
0.00% |
0.05% |
2.72% |
|
1955 |
65.16% |
22.66% |
9.30% |
0.13% |
0.01% |
|
0.04% |
2.69% |
|
Source: |
Various editions of the "The Brewers Almanac" |
You can see that the malt content is continuing to fall, dropping to below 60% in 1945 and 1946. I assume that WW II thing had something to do with that. And with the use of raw barley and sorghum 1944 to 1946.
War-influenced years aside, there were only really four ingredients used in any quantities: malt, maize, rice and sugar. Though the quantities of the latter were quite small.
Now pounds of material per US barrel:
Materials used in brewing in the USA 1941 - 1955 (lbs per barrel) |
Year |
Malt |
Corn and corn products |
Rice |
Wheat |
Barley |
Sorghum grains and sorghum products |
Soybeans and soybean prods. |
sugar and syrups |
Other materials |
Total |
1941 |
35.4 |
7.8 |
3.7 |
0.06 |
— |
— |
— |
2.5 |
— |
49.46 |
1942 |
35.5 |
8.9 |
2.7 |
0.06 |
— |
— |
— |
2.3 |
— |
49.46 |
1943 |
33.7 |
10.2 |
2.1 |
0.08 |
— |
— |
— |
2.1 |
0.07 |
48.25 |
1944 |
28.0 |
10.7 |
2.3 |
0.44 |
2.3 |
(a) |
(b) |
2.3 |
0.11 |
46.15 |
1945 |
25.4 |
10.9 |
2.5 |
0.58 |
2 |
1.3 |
0.06 |
2.8 |
0.002 |
45.54 |
1946 |
25.5 |
9.3 |
2.8 |
0.57 |
1.9 |
1.8 |
0.08 |
2.7 |
0.07 |
44.72 |
1947 |
28.6 |
8.2 |
2.0 |
0.009 |
0.2 |
1 |
0.06 |
2.5 |
1.3 |
43.87 |
1948 |
30.6 |
8.9 |
3.3 |
0.06 |
0.09 |
0.38 |
0.05 |
2.1 |
0.29 |
45.77 |
1949 |
30.7 |
9.1 |
3.3 |
0.08 |
0.07 |
0.09 |
0.04 |
2 |
0.2 |
45.58 |
1950 |
30.5 |
9.6 |
3.6 |
0.08 |
0.04 |
0.007 |
0.04 |
1.7 |
0.003 |
45.57 |
1951 |
30.1 |
9.8 |
3.8 |
0.07 |
0.03 |
0.002 |
0.04 |
1.5 |
0.0002 |
45.34 |
1952 |
29.6 |
10.3 |
3.8 |
0.07 |
0.009 |
0.009 |
0.03 |
1.3 |
0.0001 |
45.12 |
1953 |
29.5 |
10.6 |
3.6 |
0.07 |
0.006 |
0.0003 |
0.03 |
1.3 |
0.0001 |
45.11 |
1954 |
29.5 |
10.9 |
3.4 |
0.06 |
0.004 |
0.007 |
0.02 |
1.2 |
— |
45.09 |
1955 |
29.3 |
10.2 |
4.2 |
0.06 |
0.004 |
— |
0.02 |
1.2 |
— |
44.98 |
Source: |
Various editions of the "The Brewers Almanac" |
Falling amounts of material per barrel can only mean one thing – falling average gravity. This is my calculation, based on 89 brewer’s pounds per imperial quarter:
YEAR |
estimated average OG |
1941 |
1050.79 |
1942 |
1050.79 |
1943 |
1049.55 |
1944 |
1047.39 |
1945 |
1046.77 |
1946 |
1045.93 |
1947 |
1045.05 |
1948 |
1047.00 |
1949 |
1046.81 |
1950 |
1046.80 |
1951 |
1046.56 |
1952 |
1046.33 |
1953 |
1046.32 |
1954 |
1046.31 |
1955 |
1046.20 |
You’ll see that this is remarkably similar to what happened in the UK – falling until just after the war then stabilising in the 1950’s.
Average UK gravity |
Year |
average OG |
1941 |
1038.51 |
1942 |
1035.53 |
1943 |
1034.34 |
1944 |
1034.63 |
1945 |
1034.54 |
1946 |
1034.72 |
1947 |
1032.59 |
1948 |
1032.66 |
1949 |
1033.43 |
1950 |
1033.88 |
1951 |
1036.99 |
1952 |
1037.07 |
1953 |
1036.87 |
1954 |
1036.97 |
1955 |
1037.13 |
Sources: |
Brewers' Almanack 1955, p. 50 |
Brewers' Almanack 1962, p. 48 |
Right. Some more UK numbers:
Materials used in brewing in the UK 1941 - 1955 (lbs) |
year |
malt |
unmalted corn |
rice, maize, etc |
sugar |
total malt & adjuncts |
bulk barrels |
1941 |
1,230,702,256 |
1,332,464 |
27,636,784 |
156,535,904 |
1,416,207,408 |
28,170,582 |
1942 |
1,222,827,424 |
5,896,352 |
42,807,184 |
158,079,264 |
1,429,610,224 |
29,584,656 |
1943 |
1,152,180,064 |
4,546,304 |
138,676,496 |
156,864,176 |
1,452,267,040 |
29,811,321 |
1944 |
1,189,570,816 |
16,036,496 |
139,005,552 |
163,368,464 |
1,507,981,328 |
31,380,684 |
1945 |
1,168,743,744 |
27,524,112 |
149,187,584 |
199,815,168 |
1,545,270,608 |
31,990,334 |
1946 |
1,117,423,776 |
15,428,000 |
126,867,776 |
200,482,352 |
1,460,201,904 |
31,066,950 |
1947 |
1,058,876,336 |
10,413,088 |
68,805,520 |
179,332,832 |
1,317,427,776 |
30,103,180 |
1948 |
1,063,976,928 |
7,833,168 |
67,970,672 |
161,678,496 |
1,301,459,264 |
28,813,725 |
1949 |
1,017,783,312 |
6,799,408 |
56,567,952 |
145,959,744 |
1,227,110,416 |
26,744,457 |
1950 |
1,018,538,864 |
6,291,488 |
50,904,000 |
144,018,224 |
1,219,752,576 |
25,339,062 |
1951 |
1,039,601,024 |
6,460,272 |
50,689,072 |
151,777,024 |
1,248,527,392 |
24,870,564 |
1952 |
1,042,992,944 |
5,823,104 |
52,325,168 |
155,213,632 |
1,256,354,848 |
25,285,589 |
1953 |
1,017,597,056 |
6,497,344 |
47,756,352 |
157,377,248 |
1,229,228,000 |
24,789,130 |
1954 |
966,476,224 |
5,848,528 |
51,744,560 |
166,275,760 |
1,190,345,072 |
24,153,387 |
1955 |
967,178,464 |
5,214,272 |
53,552,800 |
171,276,672 |
1,197,222,208 |
24,324,623 |
Sources: |
Brewers' Almanack 1955, page 62 |
1971 Brewers'Almanack, page 54 |
Now as the more useful percentages:
Materials used in brewing in the UK 1941 - 1955 (%) |
Year |
malt |
unmalted corn |
rice, maize, etc |
sugar |
lbs per Imp. barrel |
lbs per US barrel |
1941 |
86.90% |
0.09% |
1.95% |
11.05% |
50.3 |
36.0 |
1942 |
85.54% |
0.41% |
2.99% |
11.06% |
48.3 |
34.6 |
1943 |
79.34% |
0.31% |
9.55% |
10.80% |
48.7 |
34.9 |
1944 |
78.88% |
1.06% |
9.22% |
10.83% |
48.1 |
34.5 |
1945 |
75.63% |
1.78% |
9.65% |
12.93% |
48.3 |
34.6 |
1946 |
76.53% |
1.06% |
8.69% |
13.73% |
47.0 |
33.7 |
1947 |
80.37% |
0.79% |
5.22% |
13.61% |
43.8 |
31.4 |
1948 |
81.75% |
0.60% |
5.22% |
12.42% |
45.2 |
32.4 |
1949 |
82.94% |
0.55% |
4.61% |
11.89% |
45.9 |
32.9 |
1950 |
83.50% |
0.52% |
4.17% |
11.81% |
48.1 |
34.5 |
1951 |
83.27% |
0.52% |
4.06% |
12.16% |
50.2 |
36.0 |
1952 |
83.02% |
0.46% |
4.16% |
12.35% |
49.7 |
35.6 |
1953 |
82.78% |
0.53% |
3.89% |
12.80% |
49.6 |
35.6 |
1954 |
81.19% |
0.49% |
4.35% |
13.97% |
49.3 |
35.3 |
1955 |
80.79% |
0.44% |
4.47% |
14.31% |
49.2 |
35.3 |
Sources: |
Brewers' Almanack 1955, page 62 |
1971 Brewers'Almanack, page 54 |
You can see that the malt percentage was much higher in the UK and never fell below 75%. The war seems to have affected maize usage the most. The dip in the early war years was doubtless due to the difficulties of importing it. The surge in its use in the later war years was probably due to renewed supplies from the USA.
Now for hops.
Hop usage in the USA 1934 - 1940 |
YEAR |
HOPS |
LBS./ BBL. |
1941 |
31,154,676 |
0.56 |
1942 |
34,511,559 |
0.54 |
1943 |
34,833,108 |
0.49 |
1944 |
36,514,843 |
0.45 |
1945 |
37,085,950 |
0.43 |
1946 |
37,555,031 |
0.44 |
1947 |
40,506,913 |
0.46 |
1948 |
41,576,128 |
0.46 |
1949 |
39,629,621 |
0.44 |
1950 |
37,889,576 |
0.43 |
1951 |
36,231,622 |
0.41 |
1952 |
35,233,507 |
0.39 |
1953 |
34,944,509 |
0.39 |
1954 |
35,127,350 |
0.38 |
1955 |
33,736,717 |
0.38 |
Source: |
Various editions of the "The Brewers Almanac" |
The amount of hops used per barrel continued to fall. While in the UK it was much more constant:
Hop usage in the UK 1941 - 1955 |
year |
bulk barrels |
hops( lbs) |
hops lbs/ Imperial barrel |
hops lbs/ US barrel |
1941 |
28,170,582 |
28,151,648 |
1.00 |
0.72 |
1942 |
29,584,656 |
24,976,784 |
0.84 |
0.61 |
1943 |
29,811,321 |
25,937,968 |
0.87 |
0.62 |
1944 |
31,380,684 |
27,316,800 |
0.87 |
0.62 |
1945 |
31,990,334 |
27,420,064 |
0.86 |
0.61 |
1946 |
31,066,950 |
25,334,064 |
0.82 |
0.58 |
1947 |
30,103,180 |
24,389,008 |
0.81 |
0.58 |
1948 |
28,813,725 |
25,924,640 |
0.90 |
0.65 |
1949 |
26,744,457 |
26,113,696 |
0.98 |
0.70 |
1950 |
25,339,062 |
26,093,648 |
1.03 |
0.74 |
1951 |
24,870,564 |
25,659,872 |
1.03 |
0.74 |
1952 |
25,285,589 |
25,593,344 |
1.01 |
0.73 |
1953 |
24,789,130 |
25,263,728 |
1.02 |
0.73 |
1954 |
24,153,387 |
24,286,192 |
1.01 |
0.72 |
1955 |
24,324,623 |
24,384,192 |
1.00 |
0.72 |
Source: |
1971 Brewers' Almanack, page 54 |
1953 Brewers' Almanack 1955, page 62. |
Again, using the standard barrel to iron out the difference in average gravity between the US and UK, the difference is even more striking:
Hop usage in the UK 1914 - 1920 |
year |
standard barrels |
hops( lbs) |
hops lbs/ Imperial barrel |
hops lbs/ US barrel |
1941 |
18,351,113 |
28,151,648 |
1.53 |
1.10 |
1942 |
19,294,605 |
24,976,784 |
1.29 |
0.93 |
1943 |
18,293,919 |
25,937,968 |
1.42 |
1.02 |
1944 |
19,193,773 |
27,316,800 |
1.42 |
1.02 |
1945 |
19,678,449 |
27,420,064 |
1.39 |
1.00 |
1946 |
20,612,225 |
25,334,064 |
1.23 |
0.88 |
1947 |
17,343,690 |
24,389,008 |
1.41 |
1.01 |
1948 |
18,061,390 |
25,924,640 |
1.44 |
1.03 |
1949 |
16,409,937 |
26,113,696 |
1.59 |
1.14 |
1950 |
16,337,315 |
26,093,648 |
1.60 |
1.15 |
1951 |
16,739,464 |
25,659,872 |
1.53 |
1.10 |
1952 |
16,958,628 |
25,593,344 |
1.51 |
1.08 |
1953 |
16,681,119 |
25,263,728 |
1.51 |
1.09 |
1954 |
16,525,316 |
24,286,192 |
1.47 |
1.05 |
1955 |
16,161,698 |
24,384,192 |
1.51 |
1.08 |
Source: |
1971 Brewers' Almanack, page 54 |
1953 Brewers' Almanack 1955, page 62. |
There’s still lots more of this to come.
More...
Similar Threads
-
By Blog Tracker in forum Blog Tracker
Replies: 0
Last Post: 13-02-2015, 07:33
-
By Blog Tracker in forum Blog Tracker
Replies: 0
Last Post: 11-02-2015, 07:07
-
By Blog Tracker in forum Blog Tracker
Replies: 0
Last Post: 23-01-2015, 07:13
-
By Blog Tracker in forum Blog Tracker
Replies: 0
Last Post: 16-05-2013, 08:50
-
By Blog Tracker in forum Blog Tracker
Replies: 0
Last Post: 28-02-2011, 08:50
Posting Permissions
- You may not post new threads
- You may not post replies
- You may not post attachments
- You may not edit your posts
-
Forum Rules