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Shut up about Barclay Perkins - T & J Bernard Pale Ales 1906 - 1958
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Looking around breweries doesn't half give me a thirst. So let's break off from our stroll around Bernard's old brewery and take a look at what they were making: beer.
Funny how when people have looked for differences between English and Scottish brewing they've missed the real points of interest and having wandered off down the path of ignorance into fantasy land. Because the genuine differences are much more fascinating.
Take styles. No, I'm not going to start droning on here about putative Scottish styles. No, my perspective is quite different. Observing how Scotland, like Ireland, was out of phase with developments in beer styles. We all know that Scotland embraced Lager earlier. I'm seeing growing evidence that Scotland also switched it allegiance from (Mild) Ale to Pale Ale much more quickly.
Take a look at the interwar period. What were Scottish brewers making? Loads of Pale Ales and IPAs, a bit of Strong Ale and the odd Stout. No Mild in sight. While in England Mild was still the mainstay of the vast majority of breweries.
That explains why I've a whole stack of Pale Ale analyses for Bernard and not much else. Barnard, you'll note, specifically mentions the production Pale Ale at Bernard. It looks like they were one of the Scottish breweries that jumped on the Pale Ale bandwagon the first time it passed by.
I suppose you'll want to see the table now. I don't like to disappoint:
T & J Bernard Pale Ales 1906 - 1958 |
Year |
Beer |
Style |
Price |
size |
package |
Acidity |
FG |
OG |
colour |
ABV |
App. Attenuation |
1924 |
90/- IPA |
IPA |
|
pint |
bottled |
|
1013 |
1041 |
|
3.62 |
68.29% |
1928 |
90/- India PA |
IPA |
|
pint |
bottled |
|
1005 |
1039 |
no. 11 |
4.43 |
87.18% |
1929 |
India Pale Ale 90/- (carbonated) |
IPA |
|
pint |
bottled |
|
1009 |
1039.5 |
No 11 |
3.96 |
77.22% |
1929 |
90/- India Pale Ale (carbonated) |
IPA |
|
pint |
bottled |
|
1009.8 |
1040 |
No. 13 |
3.93 |
75.63% |
1929 |
90/- India Pale Ale |
IPA |
|
pint |
bottled |
|
1009 |
1040 |
58 |
4.03 |
77.50% |
1933 |
India Pale Ale |
IPA |
|
pint |
bottled |
|
1009.5 |
1038.5 |
|
3.76 |
75.32% |
1949 |
90/- India Pale Ale |
IPA |
|
pint |
bottled |
|
1006.5 |
1029.5 |
|
2.98 |
77.97% |
1958 |
India Pale Ale |
IPA |
21d |
16 oz |
can |
0.04 |
1008.9 |
1030.6 |
50 |
2.71 |
70.92% |
1906 |
54/- PA |
Pale Ale |
|
pint |
draught |
|
|
1051.5 |
12 |
|
|
1906 |
54/- PA |
Pale Ale |
|
pint |
draught |
|
|
1050.2 |
12 |
|
|
1921 |
PA 60/- |
Pale Ale |
|
pint |
draught |
|
1011 |
1039.2 |
|
3.65 |
71.94% |
1922 |
Pale Ale |
Pale Ale |
7d |
pint |
draught |
|
1009.6 |
1039.2 |
40 |
3.84 |
75.49% |
1922 |
Pale Ale |
Pale Ale |
|
pint |
bottled |
|
1005.4 |
1042.5 |
27 |
4.85 |
87.31% |
1923 |
Carbonated Beer |
Pale Ale |
4d |
half pint |
bottled |
|
1012.4 |
1037.6 |
45 |
3.26 |
67.02% |
1923 |
PA |
Pale Ale |
|
pint |
bottled |
|
1005 |
1039 |
|
4.43 |
87.18% |
1924 |
Pale Ale |
Pale Ale |
4d |
half pint |
bottled |
|
1013.2 |
1040.2 |
35 |
3.49 |
67.16% |
1924 |
60/- |
Pale Ale |
|
pint |
|
|
1014 |
1040 |
42 |
3.36 |
65.00% |
1925 |
Pale Ale |
Pale Ale |
4d |
half pint |
bottled |
|
1010 |
1038 |
39 |
3.63 |
73.68% |
1926 |
Pale Ale |
Pale Ale |
|
pint |
bottled |
|
1009 |
1040 |
40 |
4.03 |
77.50% |
1926 |
PA |
Pale Ale |
|
pint |
bottled |
|
1009 |
1041 |
30 |
4.16 |
78.05% |
1927 |
Pale Ale |
Pale Ale |
|
pint |
bottled |
|
1007 |
1040 |
|
4.29 |
82.50% |
1927 |
90/- |
Pale Ale |
|
pint |
bottled |
|
1011 |
1040 |
40 |
3.76 |
72.50% |
1928 |
Pale Ale |
Pale Ale |
4d |
half pint |
bottled |
|
1010 |
1039 |
|
3.76 |
74.36% |
1928 |
Pale Ale |
Pale Ale |
|
pint |
bottled |
|
1005 |
1050 |
18 |
5.89 |
90.00% |
1929 |
Crown Brand Export (carbonated) |
Pale Ale |
|
pint |
bottled |
|
1005.3 |
1049 |
No. 00 |
5.72 |
89.29% |
1929 |
90/- (carbonated) |
Pale Ale |
|
pint |
bottled |
|
1008.5 |
1038.5 |
No. 10 |
3.90 |
77.92% |
1930 |
Pale Ale |
Pale Ale |
|
pint |
draught |
|
1012 |
1040 |
31 |
3.63 |
70.00% |
1933 |
90/- |
Pale Ale |
|
pint |
draught |
|
1005 |
1039 |
|
4.43 |
87.18% |
1933 |
Export Ale |
Pale Ale |
|
pint |
bottled |
|
1006 |
1051 |
|
5.89 |
88.24% |
1934 |
Pale Ale |
Pale Ale |
|
pint |
draught |
|
1011.3 |
1041 |
|
3.86 |
72.56% |
1939 |
60/- Ale |
Pale Ale |
|
pint |
bottled |
|
1006 |
1037.8 |
9 – 10 |
4.13 |
84.11% |
1940 |
Pale Ale |
Pale Ale |
|
pint |
bottled |
|
1008.3 |
1037.8 |
|
3.83 |
78.15% |
1941 |
Pale Ale |
Pale Ale |
|
pint |
bottled |
|
1009 |
1037.5 |
|
3.70 |
76.00% |
1947 |
80/- Ale |
Pale Ale |
16d |
pint |
bottled |
|
1006.5 |
1034 |
|
3.57 |
80.88% |
1947 |
80/- Ale |
Pale Ale |
16d |
pint |
bottled |
|
1006 |
1033 |
|
3.51 |
81.82% |
1947 |
80/- Ale |
Pale Ale |
16d |
pint |
bottled |
|
1006 |
1034 |
|
3.64 |
82.35% |
1947 |
60/- Ale |
Pale Ale |
|
pint |
bottled |
|
1003.5 |
1031 |
|
3.58 |
88.71% |
1949 |
Special Export Ale |
Pale Ale |
|
pint |
bottled |
|
1009 |
1041.5 |
|
4.22 |
78.31% |
1949 |
PA 60/- |
Pale Ale |
|
pint |
bottled |
|
1007 |
1031.5 |
|
3.18 |
77.78% |
1949 |
Special Export Ale |
Pale Ale |
|
pint |
bottled |
|
1007 |
1041 |
|
4.43 |
82.93% |
1958 |
Export Beer |
Pale Ale |
26d |
16 oz |
can |
0.05 |
1010.1 |
1043.1 |
100 |
4.12 |
76.57% |
Sources: |
Whitbread Gravity book held at the London Metropolitan Archives, document number LMA/4453/D/02/002 |
Document WY/6/1/1/14 of the William Younger archive held at the Scottish Brewing Archive. |
Thomas Usher Gravity Book document TU/6/11 |
Younger, Wm. & Co Gravity Book document WY/6/1/1/19 held at the Scottish Brewing Archive |
What do I need to tell you about that lot? First, look at the different way 90/- was used between the wars. It's not a Strong Ale but a relatively low-gravity, bottle IPA. About 1040º before the war, under 1030º just after it. Shouldn't an IPA be stronger than its Pale Ale? Only if you're living in style-Nazi land. In Britain, especially in London and Scotland, it was often the other way around. And no, those brewers weren't willfully deceiving the public. Just adhering to a different set of conventions and consumer expectations.
You'll notice other points that conflict with modern usage. Like those 80/- Ales from 1947 with gravities around 1034º. The BJCP defines the gravity range as 1040º – 1054º. Yet more consumer fraud by those bastard brewers. Or perhaps a sign that definitions - at least those in drinkers' and brewers' minds - are ephemeral.
You'll see that same with 60/-. All the pre-war examples are way over the upper limit of 1035º imposed by the style definers. Though at least it as actually the type of beer they describe, a Pale Ale. Unlike modern 60/- which is Dark Mild.
The only beers that fit into modern styles are the last few. Those Special Exports squeeze in at the bottom of the modern idea of a Scottish Export. Probably more by coincidence than anything else.
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