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19-01-2012, 07:12
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The end of the Milds is in sight. Or rather, here already. I'm already dreading trawling through the next set of William Younger logs. It's about 20 hours of work. Just as well I don't have a family.
This set is in the range 1100 to 1120º. Imperial Mild, you could call it. Really there just be a fourth group, 1120 and above. Except there are no London beers of that strength. To be honest, I wasn't totally sure how to classify the stronger shilling Ales from Younger. The weaker ones are definitely Milds. But what about 140/- and 160/-? In later years there's a clear pattern. Shilling Ales are the versions for bottling. The draught versions of the same beers were either X, XX, XXX Mild Ales and the stronger ones Stock Ales: XS, XXS, etc. We'll have to see. I may throw in some of the 140/- and 160/- Ales into the Stock Ale comparison, too.
Let's begin with the numbers:
Date
Year
Brewer
Beer
Style
OG
FG
ABV
App. Attenuation
lbs hops/ qtr
hops lb/brl
boil time (hours)
boil time (hours)
boil time (hours)
Pitch temp
max. fermentation temp
length of fermentation (days)
20th Apr
1841
Whitbread
XXX
Mild
1101.4
1030.7
9.34
69.67%
7.45
3.11
1.5
2
3
60
78
3
25th Aug
1840
Truman
XXX Ale
Mild
1104.7
1029.9
9.89
71.43%
7
4.07
60.5
75.5
14th Jul
1845
Truman
XXX Ale
Mild
1105.5
1031.0
9.86
70.60%
10.0
5.94
58.5
80
9
11th Jul
1840
Truman
XXX Ale
Mild
1106.1
1031.9
9.82
69.97%
9
4.97
59
75
11
12th Jan
1846
Truman
XXX Ale
Mild
1106.6
1031.9
9.89
70.13%
7.0
3.38
58
80.5
11
3rd Sep
1845
Truman
XXX Ale
Mild
1107.2
1034.3
9.64
67.96%
11.0
5.34
58.5
82
9
17th Sep
1840
Truman
XXX Ale
Mild
1110.5
1035.2
9.97
68.17%
9
5.63
58.5
77
8
8th Sep
1840
Truman
XXX Ale
Mild
1112.2
1037.9
9.82
66.17%
10
6.41
59
72
9
Average
1106.8
1032.9
9.78
69.26%
8.81
4.86
1.50
2.00
3.00
59.0
77.5
8.6
17th Feb
1848
Younger, Wm.
100/-
Ale
1100
1039
8.07
61.00%
3.87
2.00
1.08
1
55
67
8
6th Jul
1848
Younger, Wm.
100/-
Ale
1100
1034
8.73
66.00%
7.00
3.42
0.92
58
72
10
12th Sep
1849
Younger, Wm.
100/-
Ale
1100
1041
7.81
59.00%
7.00
3.33
1
0.92
55
70
9
5th Oct
1848
Younger, Wm.
100/-
Ale
1101
1039
8.20
61.39%
4.52
2.16
1
59
70
9
6th Oct
1848
Younger, Wm.
100/-
Ale
1101
1039
8.20
61.39%
4.65
2.25
1
1
57
69
9
29th Mar
1849
Younger, Wm.
100/-
Ale
1101
1030
9.39
70.30%
10.00
5.14
1.25
1.25
54
68
11
20th Sep
1849
Younger, Wm.
100/-
Ale
1101
1039
8.20
61.39%
8.00
4.00
1.08
1.08
56
71
11
11th Oct
1848
Younger, Wm.
100/-
Ale
1102
1036
8.73
64.71%
4.52
2.22
1
1
55
69
8
6th Sep
1849
Younger, Wm.
100/-
Ale
1102
1035
8.86
65.69%
8.00
3.87
1
1
55
69.5
9
10th Sep
1849
Younger, Wm.
100/-
Ale
1102
1039
8.33
61.76%
7.00
3.39
1
0.92
56
70
10
25th Sep
1849
Younger, Wm.
100/-
Ale
1102
1039
8.33
61.76%
6.00
3.00
1.08
1.08
55
71
10
13th Nov
1849
Younger, Wm.
100/-
Ale
1102
1038
8.47
62.75%
5.00
2.63
1.08
1.17
55
69
10
23rd Mar
1847
Younger, Wm.
120/-
Ale
1103
1040
8.33
61.17%
5.00
2.59
1
1.17
54
70
10
6th Jan
1849
Younger, Wm.
100/-
Ale
1103
1039
8.47
62.14%
4.69
2.27
1
1
54
68
10
17th Jan
1849
Younger, Wm.
100/-
Ale
1104
1039
8.60
62.50%
4.19
2.13
1
1
57
68
9
25th Jan
1849
Younger, Wm.
100/-
Ale
1104
1040
8.47
61.54%
4.10
2.00
1.08
54
68
10
28th Mar
1849
Younger, Wm.
100/-
Ale
1104
1041
8.33
60.58%
5.00
2.50
1
1
54
68
10
5th Jun
1849
Younger, Wm.
100/-
Ale
1105
1037
9.00
64.76%
8.00
4.07
1.08
1.08
55
69
10
6th Apr
1849
Younger, Wm.
100/-
Ale
1106
1040
8.73
62.26%
5.00
2.54
1
54
68
10
21st Apr
1848
Younger, Wm.
120/-
Ale
1111
1040
9.39
63.96%
9.02
5.09
1.17
1
54
71
9
19th Mar
1847
Younger, Wm.
140/-
Ale
1112
1046
8.73
58.93%
10.00
6.49
0.83
54
72
10
12th Mar
1847
Younger, Wm.
140/-
Ale
1112
1046
8.73
58.93%
11.88
6.49
1
54
71
10
18th Feb
1848
Younger, Wm.
120/-
Ale
1112
1045
8.86
59.82%
4.17
2.70
1
58
61
10
16th Mar
1848
Younger, Wm.
120/-
Ale
1112
1044
9.00
60.71%
5.00
3.43
1
54
70
9
10th Oct
1848
Younger, Wm.
120/-
Ale
1112
1046
8.73
58.93%
5.00
3.28
1.17
1.66
56
71
10
1st Jun
1849
Younger, Wm.
120/-
Ale
1113
1038
9.92
66.37%
11.00
6.60
1.17
54
69
10
19th Mar
1847
Younger, Wm.
140/-
Ale
1114
1046
9.00
59.65%
10.00
6.15
0.83
56
72
10
30th Mar
1849
Younger, Wm.
120/-
Ale
1114
1041
9.66
64.04%
10.00
5.75
1.17
1.17
53
71
10
19th Jan
1849
Younger, Wm.
120/-
Ale
1115
1047
9.00
59.13%
5.50
3.38
1
54
72
10
5th Apr
1849
Younger, Wm.
120/-
Ale
1115
1040
9.92
65.22%
13.58
6.36
1.08
55
69
10
30th May
1849
Younger, Wm.
120/-
Ale
1115
1045
9.26
60.87%
11.00
6.77
1.08
54
69
10
21st Sep
1849
Younger, Wm.
120/-
Ale
1115
1047
9.00
59.13%
7.92
5.00
1
56
72
9
8th Jan
1849
Younger, Wm.
120/-
Ale
1116
1043
9.66
62.93%
5.50
3.38
1
55
71
11
26th Sep
1849
Younger, Wm.
120/-
Ale
1116
1048
9.00
58.62%
6.00
3.66
1
56
72
9
26th Jan
1849
Younger, Wm.
120/-
Ale
1117
1045
9.53
61.54%
6.00
3.69
1.08
53
72
11
Average
1107.5
1040.9
8.82
62.02%
6.95
3.82
1.04
1.08
0.00
55.1
69.7
9.7
difference
0.8
8.0
-0.96
3.10%
-1.86
-1.04
-0.46
-0.92
-3.00
-3.9
-7.8
1.2
Sources:
Truman brewing record document numbers B/THB/C/122 and B/THB/C/127 held at the London Metropolitan Archives
William Younger brewing record document number WY/6/1/2/3 held at the Scottish Brewing Archive
Whitbread brewing record document number LMA/4453/D/01/004 held at the London Metropolitan Archives
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-txWJCMpsic8/TxQH60nyfeI/AAAAAAAAIj8/88006UOFcEw/s320/England_vs_Scotland_part_2_d.JPG (http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-txWJCMpsic8/TxQH60nyfeI/AAAAAAAAIj8/88006UOFcEw/s1600/England_vs_Scotland_part_2_d.JPG)
(http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-US7CkEFdjzA/TxQGtjD4A9I/AAAAAAAAIj0/PsuJfvTcIbM/s1600/England_vs_Scotland_part_2_d.JPG)
Hopping rates continue to confuse. At first glance it looks clear: Younger's beers have on average 1 lb less per barrel. But it's not that simple. The four most heavily hopped beers are all from Younger. As are the 12 least heavily hopped. There's a great deal of variation. The differences between even one specific type are large. One 100/- has over 5 lbs per barrel, another just 2 lbs. Part of it appears seasonal - i.e. the hopping is heavier in the summer - but that doesn't explain all the variation. You're going to want some sort of conclusion, aren't you? Bit tricky. How about this: in the 1840's Younger's Imperial Milds were sometimes more heavily hopped and sometimes less heavily hopped than equivalent London beers.
With only one London beer to compare to, there's not much I can say about boil times. Except that the Scottish ones are extremely short, with none longer than an hour and a quarter and many under an hour. No comparison, but a conclusion of sorts: in the 1840's Younger's Imperial Milds had very short boils.
Fermentation temperatures have shown one of the clearest patterns so far. It's repeated here. The pitching temperature of Younger's beers was on average 4º F cooler. The maximum fermentation temperature was almost 8º F cooler. Excuse me if you've heard this before: in the 1840's Younger's Imperial Milds were fermented cooler than equivalent London beers, on average around 7 - 8º F.
There's no surprise with the length of fermentation, either. Just over a day longer on average for Younger's beers. Though, if you remove the Whitbread beer which had a much shorter fermentation time than any other beers in the class, the difference is only 0.2 days. Or bugger all in layman's language. So: in the 1840's Younger's Imperial Milds took marginallly longer to ferment than equivalent London beers.
I was surprised by the average attenuation of Younger's beers in this class. It's the highest of any of the groups of Younger's Milds. I'd have expected it to be the other way around. The result is that the gap with London Milds is much smaller, just under 5% or about half what it was for the other groups. With lower attenuation, it's no shock than the ABV of the Younger's beers is lower. About 1% ABV, on average. Which is why I'm slightly confused by the difference in FG - a full 8 points. Or nearly 25%. It's a fair comparison, too, as the average OG is very similar for both groups. I'm starting to sound like a broken record: in the 1840's Younger's Imperial Milds were slightly less attenuated and lower in alcohol than London Milds of a similar gravity.
Mild finally done, where to go now? As I'm working alphabetically through the styles, it'll be Pale Ale.https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5445569787371915337-6694994477003908816?l=barclayperkins.blogspot.com
More... (http://barclayperkins.blogspot.com/2012/01/england-vs-scotland-part-2d-1840s.html)
The end of the Milds is in sight. Or rather, here already. I'm already dreading trawling through the next set of William Younger logs. It's about 20 hours of work. Just as well I don't have a family.
This set is in the range 1100 to 1120º. Imperial Mild, you could call it. Really there just be a fourth group, 1120 and above. Except there are no London beers of that strength. To be honest, I wasn't totally sure how to classify the stronger shilling Ales from Younger. The weaker ones are definitely Milds. But what about 140/- and 160/-? In later years there's a clear pattern. Shilling Ales are the versions for bottling. The draught versions of the same beers were either X, XX, XXX Mild Ales and the stronger ones Stock Ales: XS, XXS, etc. We'll have to see. I may throw in some of the 140/- and 160/- Ales into the Stock Ale comparison, too.
Let's begin with the numbers:
Date
Year
Brewer
Beer
Style
OG
FG
ABV
App. Attenuation
lbs hops/ qtr
hops lb/brl
boil time (hours)
boil time (hours)
boil time (hours)
Pitch temp
max. fermentation temp
length of fermentation (days)
20th Apr
1841
Whitbread
XXX
Mild
1101.4
1030.7
9.34
69.67%
7.45
3.11
1.5
2
3
60
78
3
25th Aug
1840
Truman
XXX Ale
Mild
1104.7
1029.9
9.89
71.43%
7
4.07
60.5
75.5
14th Jul
1845
Truman
XXX Ale
Mild
1105.5
1031.0
9.86
70.60%
10.0
5.94
58.5
80
9
11th Jul
1840
Truman
XXX Ale
Mild
1106.1
1031.9
9.82
69.97%
9
4.97
59
75
11
12th Jan
1846
Truman
XXX Ale
Mild
1106.6
1031.9
9.89
70.13%
7.0
3.38
58
80.5
11
3rd Sep
1845
Truman
XXX Ale
Mild
1107.2
1034.3
9.64
67.96%
11.0
5.34
58.5
82
9
17th Sep
1840
Truman
XXX Ale
Mild
1110.5
1035.2
9.97
68.17%
9
5.63
58.5
77
8
8th Sep
1840
Truman
XXX Ale
Mild
1112.2
1037.9
9.82
66.17%
10
6.41
59
72
9
Average
1106.8
1032.9
9.78
69.26%
8.81
4.86
1.50
2.00
3.00
59.0
77.5
8.6
17th Feb
1848
Younger, Wm.
100/-
Ale
1100
1039
8.07
61.00%
3.87
2.00
1.08
1
55
67
8
6th Jul
1848
Younger, Wm.
100/-
Ale
1100
1034
8.73
66.00%
7.00
3.42
0.92
58
72
10
12th Sep
1849
Younger, Wm.
100/-
Ale
1100
1041
7.81
59.00%
7.00
3.33
1
0.92
55
70
9
5th Oct
1848
Younger, Wm.
100/-
Ale
1101
1039
8.20
61.39%
4.52
2.16
1
59
70
9
6th Oct
1848
Younger, Wm.
100/-
Ale
1101
1039
8.20
61.39%
4.65
2.25
1
1
57
69
9
29th Mar
1849
Younger, Wm.
100/-
Ale
1101
1030
9.39
70.30%
10.00
5.14
1.25
1.25
54
68
11
20th Sep
1849
Younger, Wm.
100/-
Ale
1101
1039
8.20
61.39%
8.00
4.00
1.08
1.08
56
71
11
11th Oct
1848
Younger, Wm.
100/-
Ale
1102
1036
8.73
64.71%
4.52
2.22
1
1
55
69
8
6th Sep
1849
Younger, Wm.
100/-
Ale
1102
1035
8.86
65.69%
8.00
3.87
1
1
55
69.5
9
10th Sep
1849
Younger, Wm.
100/-
Ale
1102
1039
8.33
61.76%
7.00
3.39
1
0.92
56
70
10
25th Sep
1849
Younger, Wm.
100/-
Ale
1102
1039
8.33
61.76%
6.00
3.00
1.08
1.08
55
71
10
13th Nov
1849
Younger, Wm.
100/-
Ale
1102
1038
8.47
62.75%
5.00
2.63
1.08
1.17
55
69
10
23rd Mar
1847
Younger, Wm.
120/-
Ale
1103
1040
8.33
61.17%
5.00
2.59
1
1.17
54
70
10
6th Jan
1849
Younger, Wm.
100/-
Ale
1103
1039
8.47
62.14%
4.69
2.27
1
1
54
68
10
17th Jan
1849
Younger, Wm.
100/-
Ale
1104
1039
8.60
62.50%
4.19
2.13
1
1
57
68
9
25th Jan
1849
Younger, Wm.
100/-
Ale
1104
1040
8.47
61.54%
4.10
2.00
1.08
54
68
10
28th Mar
1849
Younger, Wm.
100/-
Ale
1104
1041
8.33
60.58%
5.00
2.50
1
1
54
68
10
5th Jun
1849
Younger, Wm.
100/-
Ale
1105
1037
9.00
64.76%
8.00
4.07
1.08
1.08
55
69
10
6th Apr
1849
Younger, Wm.
100/-
Ale
1106
1040
8.73
62.26%
5.00
2.54
1
54
68
10
21st Apr
1848
Younger, Wm.
120/-
Ale
1111
1040
9.39
63.96%
9.02
5.09
1.17
1
54
71
9
19th Mar
1847
Younger, Wm.
140/-
Ale
1112
1046
8.73
58.93%
10.00
6.49
0.83
54
72
10
12th Mar
1847
Younger, Wm.
140/-
Ale
1112
1046
8.73
58.93%
11.88
6.49
1
54
71
10
18th Feb
1848
Younger, Wm.
120/-
Ale
1112
1045
8.86
59.82%
4.17
2.70
1
58
61
10
16th Mar
1848
Younger, Wm.
120/-
Ale
1112
1044
9.00
60.71%
5.00
3.43
1
54
70
9
10th Oct
1848
Younger, Wm.
120/-
Ale
1112
1046
8.73
58.93%
5.00
3.28
1.17
1.66
56
71
10
1st Jun
1849
Younger, Wm.
120/-
Ale
1113
1038
9.92
66.37%
11.00
6.60
1.17
54
69
10
19th Mar
1847
Younger, Wm.
140/-
Ale
1114
1046
9.00
59.65%
10.00
6.15
0.83
56
72
10
30th Mar
1849
Younger, Wm.
120/-
Ale
1114
1041
9.66
64.04%
10.00
5.75
1.17
1.17
53
71
10
19th Jan
1849
Younger, Wm.
120/-
Ale
1115
1047
9.00
59.13%
5.50
3.38
1
54
72
10
5th Apr
1849
Younger, Wm.
120/-
Ale
1115
1040
9.92
65.22%
13.58
6.36
1.08
55
69
10
30th May
1849
Younger, Wm.
120/-
Ale
1115
1045
9.26
60.87%
11.00
6.77
1.08
54
69
10
21st Sep
1849
Younger, Wm.
120/-
Ale
1115
1047
9.00
59.13%
7.92
5.00
1
56
72
9
8th Jan
1849
Younger, Wm.
120/-
Ale
1116
1043
9.66
62.93%
5.50
3.38
1
55
71
11
26th Sep
1849
Younger, Wm.
120/-
Ale
1116
1048
9.00
58.62%
6.00
3.66
1
56
72
9
26th Jan
1849
Younger, Wm.
120/-
Ale
1117
1045
9.53
61.54%
6.00
3.69
1.08
53
72
11
Average
1107.5
1040.9
8.82
62.02%
6.95
3.82
1.04
1.08
0.00
55.1
69.7
9.7
difference
0.8
8.0
-0.96
3.10%
-1.86
-1.04
-0.46
-0.92
-3.00
-3.9
-7.8
1.2
Sources:
Truman brewing record document numbers B/THB/C/122 and B/THB/C/127 held at the London Metropolitan Archives
William Younger brewing record document number WY/6/1/2/3 held at the Scottish Brewing Archive
Whitbread brewing record document number LMA/4453/D/01/004 held at the London Metropolitan Archives
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-txWJCMpsic8/TxQH60nyfeI/AAAAAAAAIj8/88006UOFcEw/s320/England_vs_Scotland_part_2_d.JPG (http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-txWJCMpsic8/TxQH60nyfeI/AAAAAAAAIj8/88006UOFcEw/s1600/England_vs_Scotland_part_2_d.JPG)
(http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-US7CkEFdjzA/TxQGtjD4A9I/AAAAAAAAIj0/PsuJfvTcIbM/s1600/England_vs_Scotland_part_2_d.JPG)
Hopping rates continue to confuse. At first glance it looks clear: Younger's beers have on average 1 lb less per barrel. But it's not that simple. The four most heavily hopped beers are all from Younger. As are the 12 least heavily hopped. There's a great deal of variation. The differences between even one specific type are large. One 100/- has over 5 lbs per barrel, another just 2 lbs. Part of it appears seasonal - i.e. the hopping is heavier in the summer - but that doesn't explain all the variation. You're going to want some sort of conclusion, aren't you? Bit tricky. How about this: in the 1840's Younger's Imperial Milds were sometimes more heavily hopped and sometimes less heavily hopped than equivalent London beers.
With only one London beer to compare to, there's not much I can say about boil times. Except that the Scottish ones are extremely short, with none longer than an hour and a quarter and many under an hour. No comparison, but a conclusion of sorts: in the 1840's Younger's Imperial Milds had very short boils.
Fermentation temperatures have shown one of the clearest patterns so far. It's repeated here. The pitching temperature of Younger's beers was on average 4º F cooler. The maximum fermentation temperature was almost 8º F cooler. Excuse me if you've heard this before: in the 1840's Younger's Imperial Milds were fermented cooler than equivalent London beers, on average around 7 - 8º F.
There's no surprise with the length of fermentation, either. Just over a day longer on average for Younger's beers. Though, if you remove the Whitbread beer which had a much shorter fermentation time than any other beers in the class, the difference is only 0.2 days. Or bugger all in layman's language. So: in the 1840's Younger's Imperial Milds took marginallly longer to ferment than equivalent London beers.
I was surprised by the average attenuation of Younger's beers in this class. It's the highest of any of the groups of Younger's Milds. I'd have expected it to be the other way around. The result is that the gap with London Milds is much smaller, just under 5% or about half what it was for the other groups. With lower attenuation, it's no shock than the ABV of the Younger's beers is lower. About 1% ABV, on average. Which is why I'm slightly confused by the difference in FG - a full 8 points. Or nearly 25%. It's a fair comparison, too, as the average OG is very similar for both groups. I'm starting to sound like a broken record: in the 1840's Younger's Imperial Milds were slightly less attenuated and lower in alcohol than London Milds of a similar gravity.
Mild finally done, where to go now? As I'm working alphabetically through the styles, it'll be Pale Ale.https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5445569787371915337-6694994477003908816?l=barclayperkins.blogspot.com
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