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08-11-2010, 08:21
Visit the Shut up about Barclay Perkins site (http://barclayperkins.blogspot.com/2010/11/late-19th-century-pale-ales.html)
I have various motives for posting stuff. Often not very obvious. At least that's what I like to think. See if you can guess why I've posted this.
Pale Ales, though not the biggest sellers, were all the rage in the late 19th century. As you can see from both brewers' price lists and brewing records. Many brewers produced more than one. Let's take a look, shall we:
Late 19th century Pale Ales
Date
Year
Brewer
Beer
Style
OG
FG
ABV
App. Atten-uation
lbs hops/ qtr
hops lb/brl
Pitch temp
dry hops (oz / barrel)
pale malt
PA malt
no. 1 sugar
no. 2 sugar
other sugar
flaked maize
flaked rice
total
15th Aug
1866
Whitbread
PA
Pale Ale
1060.4
1016.6
5.79
72.48%
18.26
5.94
58º
80.78%
19.22%
100.00%
26th Nov
1866
Whitbread
PA
Pale Ale
1060.7
1014.7
6.08
75.80%
15.20
4.50
58º
81.82%
18.18%
100.00%
15th Mar
1871
Whitbread
PA
Pale Ale
1062.6
1020.5
5.57
67.26%
17.47
5.67
58º
82.23%
17.77%
100.00%
24th Mar
1871
Whitbread
PA
Pale Ale
1063.7
1019.4
5.86
69.57%
17.30
5.57
58º
81.60%
18.40%
100.00%
6th Sep
1875
Whitbread
FA
Pale Ale
1052.1
1011.4
5.39
78.19%
12.37
2.93
58º
85.08%
14.92%
100.00%
30th Aug
1875
Whitbread
PA
Pale Ale
1058.2
1014.7
5.75
74.76%
18.11
5.04
58º
92.13%
7.87%
100.00%
7th Dec
1875
Whitbread
PA
Pale Ale
1060.1
1015.2
5.94
74.65%
15.72
4.64
58º
85.18%
14.82%
100.00%
11th Jul
1876
Whitbread
FA
Pale Ale
1054.8
1019.9
4.62
63.64%
12.24
3.15
60º
84.51%
15.49%
100.00%
11th Apr
1877
Whitbread
PA
Pale Ale
1058.7
1014.7
5.83
75.00%
16.03
4.65
58º
74.64%
25.36%
100.00%
12th Jul
1880
Whitbread
FA
Pale Ale
1052.6
1008.6
5.83
83.68%
13.52
3.58
58º
60.48%
39.52%
100.00%
9th Aug
1880
Whitbread
PA
Pale Ale
1065.4
1014.4
6.74
77.97%
17.12
4.30
58º
86.88%
13.12%
100.00%
16th Jul
1890
Whitbread
PA
Pale Ale
1060.1
1013.0
6.23
78.37%
11.69
3.25
57º
78.57%
21.43%
100.00%
16th Jul
1890
Whitbread
2PA
Pale Ale
1055.4
1010.0
6.01
81.95%
11.69
2.99
57º
78.57%
21.43%
100.00%
20th Oct
1890
Whitbread
FA
Pale Ale
1054.8
1012.0
5.67
78.12%
11.01
2.73
57º
23.81%
55.56%
20.63%
100.00%
17th Nov
1890
Whitbread
PA
Pale Ale
1059.6
1015.0
5.89
74.81%
11.53
3.00
57º
58.14%
18.60%
23.26%
100.00%
1st Apr
1891
Whitbread
2PA
Pale Ale
1053.2
1011.0
5.58
79.32%
10.12
2.43
57º
21.74%
57.97%
20.29%
100.00%
12th Nov
1890
Whitbread
FA
Pale Ale
1054.0
1011.0
5.69
79.64%
11.17
2.73
57º
78.57%
21.43%
100.00%
12th May
1886
Barclay Perkins
PA
Pale Ale
1058.0
1013.0
5.95
77.55%
12.00
2.95
60º
71.64%
14.93%
13.43%
100.00%
15th Jul
1886
Barclay Perkins
PA
Pale Ale
1059.0
1016.1
5.68
72.77%
16.00
3.88
60º
71.64%
14.93%
13.43%
100.00%
7th Jan
1892
Barclay Perkins
PA
Pale Ale
1063.0
1021.1
5.55
66.58%
12.46
3.03
60º
72.97%
10.81%
16.22%
100.00%
29th Sep
1899
Barclay Perkins
XLK
Pale Ale
1051.6
1010.5
5.43
79.60%
10.11
2.13
60º
73.64%
18.18%
8.18%
100.00%
20th Apr
1900
Barclay Perkins
XLK
Pale Ale
1051.7
1013.9
5.01
73.21%
10.34
2.21
60º
73.64%
18.18%
4.09%
4.09%
100.00%
23rd Oct
1899
Barclay Perkins
XLK
Pale Ale
1051.1
1010.0
5.44
80.49%
10.00
2.14
60º
8.00
72.90%
18.69%
8.41%
100.00%
15th May
1900
Barclay Perkins
PA
Pale Ale
1059.4
1017.0
5.61
71.38%
11.13
4.00
59º
4.00
70.91%
18.18%
5.45%
5.45%
100.00%
31st Dec
1869
Simonds
SB
Pale Ale
1057.3
1016.1
5.46
71.98%
12.00
2.85
58º
16
100.00%
100.00%
2nd Mar
1886
Hodgson
Bitter Ale
Pale Ale
1063.4
1007.8
7.37
87.77%
14.00
3.57
52º
100.00%
100.00%
19th Mar
1886
Hodgson
FP Ale
Pale Ale
1058.2
10.00
2.45
59.5º
100.00%
100.00%
29th Jul
1869
Medway
B Beer
Pale Ale
1049.6
18.94
3.83
60º
82.21%
17.79%
100.00%
28th Aug
1869
Medway
BA
Pale Ale
1065.8
16.47
4.62
60º
82.21%
17.79%
100.00%
28th Oct
1870
Medway
IPA
IPA
1066.5
16.00
4.71
º
100.00%
100.00%
22nd Aug
1877
Truman (Burton)
P1
Pale Ale
1066.5
1022.2
5.86
66.67%
19.16
5.35
57º
100.00%
100.00%
18th Sep
1877
Truman (Burton)
P2
Pale Ale
1061.2
1015.8
6.01
74.21%
19.00
5.08
58º
100.00%
100.00%
11th Oct
1877
Truman (Burton)
Pale Ale
Pale Ale
1055.7
1016.6
5.17
70.15%
17.00
3.85
62º
100.00%
100.00%
19th Nov
1877
Truman (Burton)
P2 K
Pale Ale
1062.3
1020.5
5.53
67.11%
19.04
4.84
58º
100.00%
100.00%
19th Nov
1877
Truman (Burton)
P1 R
Pale Ale
1066.5
1019.4
6.23
70.83%
19.00
5.21
58º
100.00%
100.00%
29th Nov
1877
Truman (Burton)
P1 B
Pale Ale
1069.5
1024.9
5.90
64.14%
20.00
5.86
57º
100.00%
100.00%
10th Dec
1877
Truman (Burton)
P1 K
Pale Ale
1068.7
1022.2
6.16
67.74%
19.00
5.45
58º
100.00%
100.00%
15th Jan
1883
Truman (Burton)
P2
Pale Ale
1061.5
1020.8
5.39
66.22%
10.97
2.76
58º
100.00%
100.00%
16th Jan
1883
Truman (Burton)
P1 S
Pale Ale
1067.9
1019.4
6.41
71.43%
16.95
4.75
56º
100.00%
100.00%
18th Jan
1883
Truman (Burton)
P2 B
Pale Ale
1063.2
1020.8
5.61
67.11%
16.11
4.37
58º
100.00%
100.00%
19th Jan
1883
Truman (Burton)
P1 B
Pale Ale
1067.9
1022.2
6.05
67.35%
16.56
4.75
56º
100.00%
100.00%
22nd Jan
1883
Truman (Burton)
PA
Pale Ale
1057.6
1016.6
5.42
71.15%
11.89
2.83
58º
100.00%
100.00%
8th Feb
1883
Truman (Burton)
P1
Pale Ale
1066.5
1018.3
6.38
72.50%
16.95
4.62
56º
100.00%
100.00%
6th Mar
1883
Truman (Burton)
P2 S
Pale Ale
1062.6
1017.7
5.94
71.68%
18.00
4.65
58º
100.00%
100.00%
9th Apr
1883
Truman (Burton)
P1 export
Pale Ale
1068.7
1022.2
6.16
67.74%
17.44
5.17
54º
100.00%
100.00%
17th Jan
1887
Truman (Burton)
PA
Pale Ale
1055.7
1013.3
5.61
76.12%
14.70
4.05
58º
94.44%
5.56%
100.00%
18th Jan
1887
Truman (Burton)
P1 S
Pale Ale
1066.8
1019.9
6.19
70.12%
17.05
4.72
56º
98.47%
1.53%
100.00%
21st Jan
1887
Truman (Burton)
P1 S
Pale Ale
1068.1
1019.4
6.45
71.54%
17.44
4.93
56º
100.00%
100.00%
24th Jan
1887
Truman (Burton)
P2
Pale Ale
1062.0
1017.7
5.86
71.43%
14.63
4.00
57º
96.69%
3.31%
100.00%
27th Jan
1887
Truman (Burton)
P2 export B
Pale Ale
1057.9
1018.3
5.24
68.42%
20.27
4.84
58º
100.00%
100.00%
7th Feb
1887
Truman (Burton)
P2 S
Pale Ale
1062.6
1021.3
5.46
65.93%
18.29
5.17
56º
100.00%
100.00%
18th Feb
1887
Truman (Burton)
P2 R
Pale Ale
1062.0
1015.8
6.12
74.55%
15.00
4.03
57º
100.00%
100.00%
Sources:
Brewing records
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_CHrKKDU9290/TNQcbSBg3KI/AAAAAAAAHgI/kD4k08G9pDk/s320/late_19_C_Pale_Ales.JPG (http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_CHrKKDU9290/TNQcbSBg3KI/AAAAAAAAHgI/kD4k08G9pDk/s1600/late_19_C_Pale_Ales.JPG)
Whitbread at first just brewed one, the imaginatively-named PA, which had a gravity of arouund 1060. Later this was acquired two siblings, FA (Family Ale, I think) and 2PA, both around 1055. The early versions of PA were massively hopped: over 5 lbs a barrel. It must have been a seriously bitter beer. The hopping rate fell in later years, but at 3 lbs and more per barrel, was still pretty high.
At Barclay Perkins the situation was much the same. PA at around 1060 and the weaker XLK at a tad over 1050. They were also hopped at much the same level as the Whitbread beers. The Bitter Ales from Medway and Hodgson and Simond's were very similar to the PA's from the London brewers.
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_CHrKKDU9290/TNQc9idZ_gI/AAAAAAAAHgM/kkrR-npq6eg/s320/Simonds_Light_Bitter_Ale_1967.jpg (http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_CHrKKDU9290/TNQc9idZ_gI/AAAAAAAAHgM/kkrR-npq6eg/s1600/Simonds_Light_Bitter_Ale_1967.jpg)
Truman (at their Burton brewery) had the largest range of Pale Ales of the brewers in this sample. Three basic beer: in descending order of strength P1, P2 and Pale Ale, plus various Keeping, Bottling and export versions. P1 was almost 1070 and hopped at over 5 lbs per barrel. A formidable beer.
The grists are, to be honest, pretty dull. Pale malt alone or pale malt and sugar. With Barclay Perkins showing their keenness for adjuncts by throwing in maize and rice. Their beers had by far the lowest malt content.
A couple of the beers are very highly attenuated. Between 65% and 75% was typical for other styles of beer. Hodgson's Bitter Ale was pushing 90%. Very impressive. I wonder if the low pitching temperature (just 52º F) played a role?
I believe there are samples from enough different breweries to give us a representative view of Pale Ales of the period.
Like I said, I have many reasons for posting on particular topic. I'll be revisiting Pale Ales again soon for one of them. (Reasons, that is.)https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5445569787371915337-4984706228843380234?l=barclayperkins.blogspot.com
More... (http://barclayperkins.blogspot.com/2010/11/late-19th-century-pale-ales.html)
I have various motives for posting stuff. Often not very obvious. At least that's what I like to think. See if you can guess why I've posted this.
Pale Ales, though not the biggest sellers, were all the rage in the late 19th century. As you can see from both brewers' price lists and brewing records. Many brewers produced more than one. Let's take a look, shall we:
Late 19th century Pale Ales
Date
Year
Brewer
Beer
Style
OG
FG
ABV
App. Atten-uation
lbs hops/ qtr
hops lb/brl
Pitch temp
dry hops (oz / barrel)
pale malt
PA malt
no. 1 sugar
no. 2 sugar
other sugar
flaked maize
flaked rice
total
15th Aug
1866
Whitbread
PA
Pale Ale
1060.4
1016.6
5.79
72.48%
18.26
5.94
58º
80.78%
19.22%
100.00%
26th Nov
1866
Whitbread
PA
Pale Ale
1060.7
1014.7
6.08
75.80%
15.20
4.50
58º
81.82%
18.18%
100.00%
15th Mar
1871
Whitbread
PA
Pale Ale
1062.6
1020.5
5.57
67.26%
17.47
5.67
58º
82.23%
17.77%
100.00%
24th Mar
1871
Whitbread
PA
Pale Ale
1063.7
1019.4
5.86
69.57%
17.30
5.57
58º
81.60%
18.40%
100.00%
6th Sep
1875
Whitbread
FA
Pale Ale
1052.1
1011.4
5.39
78.19%
12.37
2.93
58º
85.08%
14.92%
100.00%
30th Aug
1875
Whitbread
PA
Pale Ale
1058.2
1014.7
5.75
74.76%
18.11
5.04
58º
92.13%
7.87%
100.00%
7th Dec
1875
Whitbread
PA
Pale Ale
1060.1
1015.2
5.94
74.65%
15.72
4.64
58º
85.18%
14.82%
100.00%
11th Jul
1876
Whitbread
FA
Pale Ale
1054.8
1019.9
4.62
63.64%
12.24
3.15
60º
84.51%
15.49%
100.00%
11th Apr
1877
Whitbread
PA
Pale Ale
1058.7
1014.7
5.83
75.00%
16.03
4.65
58º
74.64%
25.36%
100.00%
12th Jul
1880
Whitbread
FA
Pale Ale
1052.6
1008.6
5.83
83.68%
13.52
3.58
58º
60.48%
39.52%
100.00%
9th Aug
1880
Whitbread
PA
Pale Ale
1065.4
1014.4
6.74
77.97%
17.12
4.30
58º
86.88%
13.12%
100.00%
16th Jul
1890
Whitbread
PA
Pale Ale
1060.1
1013.0
6.23
78.37%
11.69
3.25
57º
78.57%
21.43%
100.00%
16th Jul
1890
Whitbread
2PA
Pale Ale
1055.4
1010.0
6.01
81.95%
11.69
2.99
57º
78.57%
21.43%
100.00%
20th Oct
1890
Whitbread
FA
Pale Ale
1054.8
1012.0
5.67
78.12%
11.01
2.73
57º
23.81%
55.56%
20.63%
100.00%
17th Nov
1890
Whitbread
PA
Pale Ale
1059.6
1015.0
5.89
74.81%
11.53
3.00
57º
58.14%
18.60%
23.26%
100.00%
1st Apr
1891
Whitbread
2PA
Pale Ale
1053.2
1011.0
5.58
79.32%
10.12
2.43
57º
21.74%
57.97%
20.29%
100.00%
12th Nov
1890
Whitbread
FA
Pale Ale
1054.0
1011.0
5.69
79.64%
11.17
2.73
57º
78.57%
21.43%
100.00%
12th May
1886
Barclay Perkins
PA
Pale Ale
1058.0
1013.0
5.95
77.55%
12.00
2.95
60º
71.64%
14.93%
13.43%
100.00%
15th Jul
1886
Barclay Perkins
PA
Pale Ale
1059.0
1016.1
5.68
72.77%
16.00
3.88
60º
71.64%
14.93%
13.43%
100.00%
7th Jan
1892
Barclay Perkins
PA
Pale Ale
1063.0
1021.1
5.55
66.58%
12.46
3.03
60º
72.97%
10.81%
16.22%
100.00%
29th Sep
1899
Barclay Perkins
XLK
Pale Ale
1051.6
1010.5
5.43
79.60%
10.11
2.13
60º
73.64%
18.18%
8.18%
100.00%
20th Apr
1900
Barclay Perkins
XLK
Pale Ale
1051.7
1013.9
5.01
73.21%
10.34
2.21
60º
73.64%
18.18%
4.09%
4.09%
100.00%
23rd Oct
1899
Barclay Perkins
XLK
Pale Ale
1051.1
1010.0
5.44
80.49%
10.00
2.14
60º
8.00
72.90%
18.69%
8.41%
100.00%
15th May
1900
Barclay Perkins
PA
Pale Ale
1059.4
1017.0
5.61
71.38%
11.13
4.00
59º
4.00
70.91%
18.18%
5.45%
5.45%
100.00%
31st Dec
1869
Simonds
SB
Pale Ale
1057.3
1016.1
5.46
71.98%
12.00
2.85
58º
16
100.00%
100.00%
2nd Mar
1886
Hodgson
Bitter Ale
Pale Ale
1063.4
1007.8
7.37
87.77%
14.00
3.57
52º
100.00%
100.00%
19th Mar
1886
Hodgson
FP Ale
Pale Ale
1058.2
10.00
2.45
59.5º
100.00%
100.00%
29th Jul
1869
Medway
B Beer
Pale Ale
1049.6
18.94
3.83
60º
82.21%
17.79%
100.00%
28th Aug
1869
Medway
BA
Pale Ale
1065.8
16.47
4.62
60º
82.21%
17.79%
100.00%
28th Oct
1870
Medway
IPA
IPA
1066.5
16.00
4.71
º
100.00%
100.00%
22nd Aug
1877
Truman (Burton)
P1
Pale Ale
1066.5
1022.2
5.86
66.67%
19.16
5.35
57º
100.00%
100.00%
18th Sep
1877
Truman (Burton)
P2
Pale Ale
1061.2
1015.8
6.01
74.21%
19.00
5.08
58º
100.00%
100.00%
11th Oct
1877
Truman (Burton)
Pale Ale
Pale Ale
1055.7
1016.6
5.17
70.15%
17.00
3.85
62º
100.00%
100.00%
19th Nov
1877
Truman (Burton)
P2 K
Pale Ale
1062.3
1020.5
5.53
67.11%
19.04
4.84
58º
100.00%
100.00%
19th Nov
1877
Truman (Burton)
P1 R
Pale Ale
1066.5
1019.4
6.23
70.83%
19.00
5.21
58º
100.00%
100.00%
29th Nov
1877
Truman (Burton)
P1 B
Pale Ale
1069.5
1024.9
5.90
64.14%
20.00
5.86
57º
100.00%
100.00%
10th Dec
1877
Truman (Burton)
P1 K
Pale Ale
1068.7
1022.2
6.16
67.74%
19.00
5.45
58º
100.00%
100.00%
15th Jan
1883
Truman (Burton)
P2
Pale Ale
1061.5
1020.8
5.39
66.22%
10.97
2.76
58º
100.00%
100.00%
16th Jan
1883
Truman (Burton)
P1 S
Pale Ale
1067.9
1019.4
6.41
71.43%
16.95
4.75
56º
100.00%
100.00%
18th Jan
1883
Truman (Burton)
P2 B
Pale Ale
1063.2
1020.8
5.61
67.11%
16.11
4.37
58º
100.00%
100.00%
19th Jan
1883
Truman (Burton)
P1 B
Pale Ale
1067.9
1022.2
6.05
67.35%
16.56
4.75
56º
100.00%
100.00%
22nd Jan
1883
Truman (Burton)
PA
Pale Ale
1057.6
1016.6
5.42
71.15%
11.89
2.83
58º
100.00%
100.00%
8th Feb
1883
Truman (Burton)
P1
Pale Ale
1066.5
1018.3
6.38
72.50%
16.95
4.62
56º
100.00%
100.00%
6th Mar
1883
Truman (Burton)
P2 S
Pale Ale
1062.6
1017.7
5.94
71.68%
18.00
4.65
58º
100.00%
100.00%
9th Apr
1883
Truman (Burton)
P1 export
Pale Ale
1068.7
1022.2
6.16
67.74%
17.44
5.17
54º
100.00%
100.00%
17th Jan
1887
Truman (Burton)
PA
Pale Ale
1055.7
1013.3
5.61
76.12%
14.70
4.05
58º
94.44%
5.56%
100.00%
18th Jan
1887
Truman (Burton)
P1 S
Pale Ale
1066.8
1019.9
6.19
70.12%
17.05
4.72
56º
98.47%
1.53%
100.00%
21st Jan
1887
Truman (Burton)
P1 S
Pale Ale
1068.1
1019.4
6.45
71.54%
17.44
4.93
56º
100.00%
100.00%
24th Jan
1887
Truman (Burton)
P2
Pale Ale
1062.0
1017.7
5.86
71.43%
14.63
4.00
57º
96.69%
3.31%
100.00%
27th Jan
1887
Truman (Burton)
P2 export B
Pale Ale
1057.9
1018.3
5.24
68.42%
20.27
4.84
58º
100.00%
100.00%
7th Feb
1887
Truman (Burton)
P2 S
Pale Ale
1062.6
1021.3
5.46
65.93%
18.29
5.17
56º
100.00%
100.00%
18th Feb
1887
Truman (Burton)
P2 R
Pale Ale
1062.0
1015.8
6.12
74.55%
15.00
4.03
57º
100.00%
100.00%
Sources:
Brewing records
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_CHrKKDU9290/TNQcbSBg3KI/AAAAAAAAHgI/kD4k08G9pDk/s320/late_19_C_Pale_Ales.JPG (http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_CHrKKDU9290/TNQcbSBg3KI/AAAAAAAAHgI/kD4k08G9pDk/s1600/late_19_C_Pale_Ales.JPG)
Whitbread at first just brewed one, the imaginatively-named PA, which had a gravity of arouund 1060. Later this was acquired two siblings, FA (Family Ale, I think) and 2PA, both around 1055. The early versions of PA were massively hopped: over 5 lbs a barrel. It must have been a seriously bitter beer. The hopping rate fell in later years, but at 3 lbs and more per barrel, was still pretty high.
At Barclay Perkins the situation was much the same. PA at around 1060 and the weaker XLK at a tad over 1050. They were also hopped at much the same level as the Whitbread beers. The Bitter Ales from Medway and Hodgson and Simond's were very similar to the PA's from the London brewers.
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_CHrKKDU9290/TNQc9idZ_gI/AAAAAAAAHgM/kkrR-npq6eg/s320/Simonds_Light_Bitter_Ale_1967.jpg (http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_CHrKKDU9290/TNQc9idZ_gI/AAAAAAAAHgM/kkrR-npq6eg/s1600/Simonds_Light_Bitter_Ale_1967.jpg)
Truman (at their Burton brewery) had the largest range of Pale Ales of the brewers in this sample. Three basic beer: in descending order of strength P1, P2 and Pale Ale, plus various Keeping, Bottling and export versions. P1 was almost 1070 and hopped at over 5 lbs per barrel. A formidable beer.
The grists are, to be honest, pretty dull. Pale malt alone or pale malt and sugar. With Barclay Perkins showing their keenness for adjuncts by throwing in maize and rice. Their beers had by far the lowest malt content.
A couple of the beers are very highly attenuated. Between 65% and 75% was typical for other styles of beer. Hodgson's Bitter Ale was pushing 90%. Very impressive. I wonder if the low pitching temperature (just 52º F) played a role?
I believe there are samples from enough different breweries to give us a representative view of Pale Ales of the period.
Like I said, I have many reasons for posting on particular topic. I'll be revisiting Pale Ales again soon for one of them. (Reasons, that is.)https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5445569787371915337-4984706228843380234?l=barclayperkins.blogspot.com
More... (http://barclayperkins.blogspot.com/2010/11/late-19th-century-pale-ales.html)