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20-05-2022, 07:10
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Britain had become dependent on the import of foreign grain. Approximately a third of the barley consumed was imported. The price of barley was falling right up until the outbreak of WW I.
The types of barley grown fell into three groups:
Barley types
Latin name
type
Hordeum hexastichum
six-row barley
Hordeum vulgare
Hordeum distichum
two-row barley
Hordeum zeocriton
Hordeum coeleste
naked barley
Hordeum nudum
Source:
"The Brewing Industry" by Julian L. Baker, 1905, page 14.
Large quantities of foreign barley were imported into Britain for malting. California and the Mediterranean were the main sources of cheaper malt. Top-quality, very pale malt, was made from barley imported from central Europe, usually Bohemia, Moravia or the Saale district. The latter were mostly used in the best Pale Ales, such as Bass.
Mediterranean barley, often given the generic name of Smyrna, was extremely popular because of its price and adaptability. It was widely used in Light Pale Ales, though not the poshest examples. According to Barnard, beers benefitted from its use:
“all beers are cleaner, sounder and more brilliant when a portion of Smyrna malt is blended with the heavier English grain.”
In addition, Smyrna malt was the most economical available.
Home production and imports of barley 1880 - 1914
Average Price per Cwt.
Year
Acreage
Estimated Produce Cwts.
s.
d.
Imports Cwts.
Import %
Total cwts.
1880
2,695,000
19,315,629
9
3
11,705,290
37.73%
31,020,919
1885
2,446,868
38,268,586
8
5
15,366,160
28.65%
53,634,746
1890
2,300,994
36,068,538
8
0
16,677,988
31.62%
52,746,526
1895
2,346,367
38,268,586
6
2
28,618,867
42.79%
66,887,453
1900
2,172,129
30,600,842
7
0
17,189,358
35.97%
47,790,200
1904
2,002,854
27,881,018
6
3
27,173,455
49.36%
55,054,473
1905
1,872,305
29,019,446
6
10
21,458,960
42.51%
50,478,406
1906
1,931,651
30,124,861
6
9
19,934,500
39.82%
50,059,361
1907
1,885,359
29,951,882
7
0
19,627,620
39.59%
49,579,502
1908
1,824,410
27,486,114
7
3
18,137,200
39.75%
45,623,314
1909
1,829,933
30,778,907
7
6
21,556,470
41.19%
52,335,377
1910
1,899,130
28,144,864
6
6
18,281,500
39.38%
46,426,364
1911
1,756,000
25,000,000
-
-
-
-
1914
1,871,166
32,262,712
7
7
16,944,422
34.43%
49,207,134
Sources:
Brewers' Almanack 1912, page 158.
Brewers' Almanack 1922, page 118.
Brewers' Almanack 1955, page 66.
More... (http://barclayperkins.blogspot.com/2022/05/barley-1880-1914.html)
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Britain had become dependent on the import of foreign grain. Approximately a third of the barley consumed was imported. The price of barley was falling right up until the outbreak of WW I.
The types of barley grown fell into three groups:
Barley types
Latin name
type
Hordeum hexastichum
six-row barley
Hordeum vulgare
Hordeum distichum
two-row barley
Hordeum zeocriton
Hordeum coeleste
naked barley
Hordeum nudum
Source:
"The Brewing Industry" by Julian L. Baker, 1905, page 14.
Large quantities of foreign barley were imported into Britain for malting. California and the Mediterranean were the main sources of cheaper malt. Top-quality, very pale malt, was made from barley imported from central Europe, usually Bohemia, Moravia or the Saale district. The latter were mostly used in the best Pale Ales, such as Bass.
Mediterranean barley, often given the generic name of Smyrna, was extremely popular because of its price and adaptability. It was widely used in Light Pale Ales, though not the poshest examples. According to Barnard, beers benefitted from its use:
“all beers are cleaner, sounder and more brilliant when a portion of Smyrna malt is blended with the heavier English grain.”
In addition, Smyrna malt was the most economical available.
Home production and imports of barley 1880 - 1914
Average Price per Cwt.
Year
Acreage
Estimated Produce Cwts.
s.
d.
Imports Cwts.
Import %
Total cwts.
1880
2,695,000
19,315,629
9
3
11,705,290
37.73%
31,020,919
1885
2,446,868
38,268,586
8
5
15,366,160
28.65%
53,634,746
1890
2,300,994
36,068,538
8
0
16,677,988
31.62%
52,746,526
1895
2,346,367
38,268,586
6
2
28,618,867
42.79%
66,887,453
1900
2,172,129
30,600,842
7
0
17,189,358
35.97%
47,790,200
1904
2,002,854
27,881,018
6
3
27,173,455
49.36%
55,054,473
1905
1,872,305
29,019,446
6
10
21,458,960
42.51%
50,478,406
1906
1,931,651
30,124,861
6
9
19,934,500
39.82%
50,059,361
1907
1,885,359
29,951,882
7
0
19,627,620
39.59%
49,579,502
1908
1,824,410
27,486,114
7
3
18,137,200
39.75%
45,623,314
1909
1,829,933
30,778,907
7
6
21,556,470
41.19%
52,335,377
1910
1,899,130
28,144,864
6
6
18,281,500
39.38%
46,426,364
1911
1,756,000
25,000,000
-
-
-
-
1914
1,871,166
32,262,712
7
7
16,944,422
34.43%
49,207,134
Sources:
Brewers' Almanack 1912, page 158.
Brewers' Almanack 1922, page 118.
Brewers' Almanack 1955, page 66.
More... (http://barclayperkins.blogspot.com/2022/05/barley-1880-1914.html)