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05-08-2019, 09:30
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The effect of the war on Whitbread’s IPA was to transform it into a low-gravity beer. It started the war a couple of gravity points below average OG, but finished around 10 points below.

IPA’s gravity didn’t bounce back the way that Whitbread’s PA’s did. In June 1918, there was little between the two beers, PA was 1035.1º and IPA just a couple of points lower at 1033º. But while PA jumped back to 1048.2º in 1912, an increase of 13 gravity points, IPA only increased by two.

Though IPA remained significantly more heavily hopped than PA. Something that might please style Nazis.

Whitbread IPA had a very simple recipe. And one that changed very little during the war.

The only really significant change was a drop in the sugar percentage in 1917 and 1918. After which it rose back to its old level. The recipe in March 1919 was identical to the one in 1914. Even though the beer itself was far weaker. Whitbread clearly thought the old recipe was a winner.



Whitbread IPA 1914 - 1921


Date
Year
OG
FG
ABV
App. Atten-uation
lbs hops/ qtr
hops lb/brl


5th Jun
1914
1049.3
1013.0
4.80
73.63%
11.96
2.53


6th Oct
1914
1049.9
1015.0
4.61
69.92%
10.97
2.39


31st Jan
1916
1047.1
1015.0
4.25
68.15%
10.94
2.26


3rd Jul
1917
1047.1
1012.0
4.64
74.52%
11.90
2.46


10th Oct
1917
1047.4
1012.0
4.68
74.67%
11.87
2.49


16th Oct
1917
1038.8
1007.0
4.20
81.95%
11.41
1.91


17th Oct
1917
1040.9
1008.0
4.35
80.43%
10.61
1.81


11th Jun
1918
1033.0
1008.0
3.30
75.73%
11.68
1.69


30th Oct
1918
1032.4
1005.0
3.63
84.57%
11.97
1.70


19th Mar
1919
1032.4
1007.0
3.36
78.40%
11.85
1.67


11th Nov
1919
1036.0
1009.0
3.57
74.97%
12.95
1.98


5th Mar
1920
1034.0
1007.0
3.58
79.44%
12.99
1.90


8th Mar
1921
1035.5
1007.0
3.76
80.26%
12.94
1.81


21st Jan
1921
1034.2
1006.0
3.73
82.46%
12.88
1.80


Sources:


Whitbread brewing records held at the London Metropolitan Archives, document numbers LMA/4453/D/01/079, LMA/4453/D/01/081, LMA/4453/D/01/082, LMA/4453/D/01/083, LMA/4453/D/01/084, LMA/4453/D/01/085 and LMA/4453/D/01/086.






Whitbread IPA grists 1914 - 1921


Date
Year
OG
pale malt
PA malt
no. 1 sugar


5th Jun
1914
1049.3
22.0%
58.5%
19.5%


6th Oct
1914
1049.9
22.0%
58.5%
19.5%


31st Jan
1916
1047.1
23.3%
56.0%
20.7%


3rd Jul
1917
1047.1
22.8%
60.9%
16.2%


10th Oct
1917
1047.4
22.8%
60.9%
16.2%


16th Oct
1917
1038.8
22.7%
68.2%
9.1%


17th Oct
1917
1040.9
26.2%
64.5%
9.3%


11th Jun
1918
1033.0
29.2%
64.3%
6.5%


30th Oct
1918
1032.4
21.3%
59.7%
19.0%


19th Mar
1919
1032.4
22.0%
58.5%
19.5%


11th Nov
1919
1036.0
52.3%
31.1%
16.6%


5th Mar
1920
1034.0
23.5%
64.2%
12.2%


8th Mar
1921
1035.5
35.9%
51.4%
12.7%


21st Jan
1921
1034.2
34.7%
52.1%
13.1%


Sources:


Whitbread brewing records held at the London Metropolitan Archives, document numbers LMA/4453/D/01/079, LMA/4453/D/01/081, LMA/4453/D/01/082, LMA/4453/D/01/083, LMA/4453/D/01/084, LMA/4453/D/01/085 and LMA/4453/D/01/086.





A look at the hops used in brewing Whitbread IPA gives a fascinating insight to what was happening with the hop industry during the war.


Until 1919, Whitbread only used Kent hops in their IPA. Even more specific than that, they only used East Kent hops. Which means Goldings or something similar. Though they are becoming increasingly old. For example, the 1916 crop only turns up in the records about a year after harvest.



Whitbread IPA hops 1914 - 1921


Date
Year
OG
hops


5th Jun
1914
1049.3
EK (1912 CS, 1913)


6th Oct
1914
1049.9
EK (1912 CS, 1913 CS, 1913)


31st Jan
1916
1047.1
EK (1914 CS, 1914)


3rd Jul
1917
1047.1
EK (1914 CS, 1914)


10th Oct
1917
1047.4
EK (1915 CS, 1916)


16th Oct
1917
1038.8
EK (1915 CS, 1916)


17th Oct
1917
1040.9
EK (1915 CS, 1916)


11th Jun
1918
1033.0
EK (1915 CS, 1916 CS)


30th Oct
1918
1032.4
EK (1916 CS)


19th Mar
1919
1032.4
EK (1917), EK (1917 CS)


11th Nov
1919
1036.0
EK (1918), MK (1918), Oregon (1917)


5th Mar
1920
1034.0
EK (1918 CS), MK (1918), MK (1919), Pacific (1917)


8th Mar
1921
1035.5
EK (1919), MK (1919), Oregon (1917), Bohemian (1919)


21st Jan
1921
1034.2
EK (1919), MK (1918, 1919), Oregon (1917), Bohemian (1919)


Sources:


Whitbread brewing records held at the London Metropolitan Archives, document numbers LMA/4453/D/01/079, LMA/4453/D/01/081, LMA/4453/D/01/082, LMA/4453/D/01/083, LMA/4453/D/01/084, LMA/4453/D/01/085 and LMA/4453/D/01/086.



Using older hops was nothing new. But usually a Pale Ale would always contain some hops of the most recent season. That wasn’t the case during WW I.

After the end of hostilities, several foreign hops appear. Pacific and Oregon from the US and Bohemians, from what had been enemy territory. Given the minimal amounts of hops imported in into the UK in 1917 and 1919, the US from the 1917 crop must have been imported later.



This an excerpt from my book on brewing in WW I, Armistice!


Alexei the left.

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