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19-07-2019, 07:06
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Before 1850, Pale Ale was mostly brewed by specialist brewers, either in Burton or in Scotland. After the middle of the century, the style went mainstream.
The biggest boost to the style was given by the introduction of Light Pale Ales around 1850. The original Pale Ales were all brewed as Stock Ales, being aged for 6 to 12 months before sale, always in trade casks rather than vats. The new running versions were aged for no more than a few weeks and were much lower in gravity. While a typical Stock Pale Ale had an OG around 1060-1065º, AK, a common name for a Light Pale Ale, was in the range 1045º-1050º.
Provincial Pale Ales follow a similar pattern to those from London: a weaker one at about 1045º and a stronger one around 1060º. The exceptions being the two Manchester breweries, Boddington and Lees, whose strongest version was only around 1055º. Truman, unsurprisingly, as they were in Burton, had the strongest Pale Ale.
There a big variation in the hopping rates between different breweries: only around 3 lbs per quarter at Boddington to over 12 lbs at Tetley. Though generally the hopping rates are a little lower than in London.
Scottish hopping rates, at 4.5 lbs to 7.5 lbs per quarter, aren’t very different from provincial English breweries, but are lower than in London. What does stand out is how weak some versions were. One is even below 1030º, a gravity unknown in England. Even the strongest only has a gravity of 1056º. Odd, given that Scotland was once famous for brewing very strong beer.
The lower gravities were general.
London Pale Ale before WW I
Year
Brewer
Beer
OG
FG
ABV
App. Atten-uation
lbs hops/ qtr
hops lb/brl
1911
Barclay Perkins
PA
1060.0
1014.5
6.02
75.83%
6.00
2.97
1914
Barclay Perkins
XLK (trade)
1049.9
1012.2
4.99
75.58%
7.51
1.52
1914
Barclay Perkins
XLK (bottling)
1045.0
1009.4
4.71
79.07%
7.51
1.35
1914
Whitbread
FA
1047.1
1013.0
4.51
72.39%
10.97
2.22
1914
Whitbread
IPA
1049.3
1013.0
4.80
73.63%
11.96
2.53
1914
Whitbread
2PA
1053.0
1016.0
4.89
69.81%
8.94
2.05
1914
Whitbread
PA
1060.2
1021.0
5.18
65.11%
8.94
2.33
1914
Fuller
AK
1044.3
1009.1
4.65
79.38%
7.33
1.34
1914
Fuller
PA
1054.2
1012.2
5.56
77.52%
8.1374
1.98
Sources:
Whitbread brewing record held at the London Metropolitan Archives, document number LMA/4453/D/01/079.
Barclay Perkins brewing record held at the London Metropolitan Archives, document number ACC/2305/1/602 and ACC/2305/1/603.
Fullers brewing record held at the brewery.
Provincial Pale Ale before WW I
Year
Brewer
Beer
OG
FG
ABV
App. Atten-uation
lbs hops/ qtr
hops lb/brl
1914
Adnams
BLB
1044.0
1007.0
4.89
84.09%
7.00
1.34
1904
Tetley
PA
1059.3
1007.8
6.82
86.92%
12.55
2.94
1914
Boddington
AK
1044.0
1013.0
4.10
70.45%
2.92
0.57
1914
Boddington
PA
1046.0
1014.0
4.23
69.57%
3.33
0.97
1914
Boddington
IP
1053.0
1016.0
4.89
69.81%
4.00
1.35
1911
Lees
B
1054.0
1015.0
5.16
72.22%
7.30
1.61
1915
Truman (Burton)
P1
1063.7
1020.5
5.72
67.83%
9.71
2.48
1914
Truman (Burton)
P2
1056.8
1009.4
6.27
83.41%
8.79
2.01
1914
Truman (Burton)
P3
1049.9
1008.3
5.50
83.33%
8.79
1.77
1910
Warwicks
LBB
1042.7
1012.5
3.99
70.78%
3.68
0.62
1910
Warwicks
XXX B
1049.9
1015.5
4.54
68.89%
6.58
1.31
1910
Warwicks
BB
1052.6
1015.8
4.87
70.00%
6.58
1.38
1910
Warwicks
IPA
1058.4
1018.3
5.31
68.72%
7.40
1.76
Sources:
Adnams brewing record Book 2 held at the brewery.
Boddington brewing record held at Manchester Central Library, document number M693/405/126.
Lees brewing record held at the brewery.
Tetley's brewing record held at the West Yorkshire Archives, document number WYL756/51/ACC1903.
Truman's brewing record held at the London Metropolitan Archives, document number B/THB/C/329.
Warwicks & Richardsons brewing record held at the Nottinghamshire Archives, document number DD/NM/8/4/1.
The above is an excerpt from my book on brewing in WW I. Buy this wonderful book (http://www.lulu.com/shop/ronald-pattinson/armistice/paperback/product-23859948.html).
https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-A-cqnWEKK0g/W-77Xyh1-8I/AAAAAAAAfms/ssPn8WUMPMsu6OZITAryewfaNKpAyZ53wCLcBGAs/s400/Armistice_front_words_thumb.jpg (http://www.lulu.com/shop/ronald-pattinson/armistice/paperback/product-23859948.html)
More... (http://barclayperkins.blogspot.com/2019/07/pale-ale-before-ww-i.html)
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Before 1850, Pale Ale was mostly brewed by specialist brewers, either in Burton or in Scotland. After the middle of the century, the style went mainstream.
The biggest boost to the style was given by the introduction of Light Pale Ales around 1850. The original Pale Ales were all brewed as Stock Ales, being aged for 6 to 12 months before sale, always in trade casks rather than vats. The new running versions were aged for no more than a few weeks and were much lower in gravity. While a typical Stock Pale Ale had an OG around 1060-1065º, AK, a common name for a Light Pale Ale, was in the range 1045º-1050º.
Provincial Pale Ales follow a similar pattern to those from London: a weaker one at about 1045º and a stronger one around 1060º. The exceptions being the two Manchester breweries, Boddington and Lees, whose strongest version was only around 1055º. Truman, unsurprisingly, as they were in Burton, had the strongest Pale Ale.
There a big variation in the hopping rates between different breweries: only around 3 lbs per quarter at Boddington to over 12 lbs at Tetley. Though generally the hopping rates are a little lower than in London.
Scottish hopping rates, at 4.5 lbs to 7.5 lbs per quarter, aren’t very different from provincial English breweries, but are lower than in London. What does stand out is how weak some versions were. One is even below 1030º, a gravity unknown in England. Even the strongest only has a gravity of 1056º. Odd, given that Scotland was once famous for brewing very strong beer.
The lower gravities were general.
London Pale Ale before WW I
Year
Brewer
Beer
OG
FG
ABV
App. Atten-uation
lbs hops/ qtr
hops lb/brl
1911
Barclay Perkins
PA
1060.0
1014.5
6.02
75.83%
6.00
2.97
1914
Barclay Perkins
XLK (trade)
1049.9
1012.2
4.99
75.58%
7.51
1.52
1914
Barclay Perkins
XLK (bottling)
1045.0
1009.4
4.71
79.07%
7.51
1.35
1914
Whitbread
FA
1047.1
1013.0
4.51
72.39%
10.97
2.22
1914
Whitbread
IPA
1049.3
1013.0
4.80
73.63%
11.96
2.53
1914
Whitbread
2PA
1053.0
1016.0
4.89
69.81%
8.94
2.05
1914
Whitbread
PA
1060.2
1021.0
5.18
65.11%
8.94
2.33
1914
Fuller
AK
1044.3
1009.1
4.65
79.38%
7.33
1.34
1914
Fuller
PA
1054.2
1012.2
5.56
77.52%
8.1374
1.98
Sources:
Whitbread brewing record held at the London Metropolitan Archives, document number LMA/4453/D/01/079.
Barclay Perkins brewing record held at the London Metropolitan Archives, document number ACC/2305/1/602 and ACC/2305/1/603.
Fullers brewing record held at the brewery.
Provincial Pale Ale before WW I
Year
Brewer
Beer
OG
FG
ABV
App. Atten-uation
lbs hops/ qtr
hops lb/brl
1914
Adnams
BLB
1044.0
1007.0
4.89
84.09%
7.00
1.34
1904
Tetley
PA
1059.3
1007.8
6.82
86.92%
12.55
2.94
1914
Boddington
AK
1044.0
1013.0
4.10
70.45%
2.92
0.57
1914
Boddington
PA
1046.0
1014.0
4.23
69.57%
3.33
0.97
1914
Boddington
IP
1053.0
1016.0
4.89
69.81%
4.00
1.35
1911
Lees
B
1054.0
1015.0
5.16
72.22%
7.30
1.61
1915
Truman (Burton)
P1
1063.7
1020.5
5.72
67.83%
9.71
2.48
1914
Truman (Burton)
P2
1056.8
1009.4
6.27
83.41%
8.79
2.01
1914
Truman (Burton)
P3
1049.9
1008.3
5.50
83.33%
8.79
1.77
1910
Warwicks
LBB
1042.7
1012.5
3.99
70.78%
3.68
0.62
1910
Warwicks
XXX B
1049.9
1015.5
4.54
68.89%
6.58
1.31
1910
Warwicks
BB
1052.6
1015.8
4.87
70.00%
6.58
1.38
1910
Warwicks
IPA
1058.4
1018.3
5.31
68.72%
7.40
1.76
Sources:
Adnams brewing record Book 2 held at the brewery.
Boddington brewing record held at Manchester Central Library, document number M693/405/126.
Lees brewing record held at the brewery.
Tetley's brewing record held at the West Yorkshire Archives, document number WYL756/51/ACC1903.
Truman's brewing record held at the London Metropolitan Archives, document number B/THB/C/329.
Warwicks & Richardsons brewing record held at the Nottinghamshire Archives, document number DD/NM/8/4/1.
The above is an excerpt from my book on brewing in WW I. Buy this wonderful book (http://www.lulu.com/shop/ronald-pattinson/armistice/paperback/product-23859948.html).
https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-A-cqnWEKK0g/W-77Xyh1-8I/AAAAAAAAfms/ssPn8WUMPMsu6OZITAryewfaNKpAyZ53wCLcBGAs/s400/Armistice_front_words_thumb.jpg (http://www.lulu.com/shop/ronald-pattinson/armistice/paperback/product-23859948.html)
More... (http://barclayperkins.blogspot.com/2019/07/pale-ale-before-ww-i.html)