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25-02-2019, 07:19
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Mild Ale had been the most popular style of beer since the mid-19th century. For most breweries, Mild Ale accounted for more than 50% of output.
In the second half of the 19th century, it was typical for a brewery to produce four Mild Ales, usually called X, XX, XXX, XXXXX. By 1914, many breweries had reduced their range of Mild Ales to just two or three. Most extreme was London, where the large breweries often brewed just a single Mild, called X Ale.
The number of Milds brewed wasn’t the only difference between London and the provinces. While a London X Ale had a gravity or at least 1050º, provincial versions could be as weak as 1040º. An XXX or XXXX Ale from the provinces was around the same strength as a London X.
While the provincial Milds are mostly hopped at a similar rate to London Milds – around 5 lbs per quarter of malt, those from Boddington are extremely lightly hopped.
Scottish Mild Ales follow a similar pattern to provincial English versions, with the strongest examples about the same strength as a London X Ale. This was the last hurrah of Mild Ale in Scotland. After the war, very little of it was brewed.
As with provincial English Milds, the weakest examples are under 1040º. No London beer was as weak as that before the war.
Provincial Mild Ale before WW I
Year
Brewer
Beer
OG
FG
ABV
App. Atten-uation
lbs hops/ qtr
hops lb/brl
1914
Boddington
B
1037.0
1010.0
3.57
72.97%
2.86
0.51
1914
Boddington
BB
1047.0
1014.0
4.37
70.21%
3.62
0.85
1914
Boddington
XXX
1051.0
1015.0
4.76
70.59%
3.67
0.99
1914
Adnams
X
1033.0
1005.5
3.64
83.33%
4.38
0.58
1914
Adnams
XX
1042.0
1007.0
4.63
83.33%
4.20
0.73
1910
Warwicks
X
1043.2
1013.9
3.88
67.95%
5.00
0.85
1910
Warwicks
XX
1048.5
1014.7
4.47
69.71%
4.95
0.95
1910
Warwicks
XXX
1055.4
1017.7
4.98
68.00%
4.95
1.14
1911
Lees
U
1034.0
1007.0
3.57
79.41%
4.74
0.66
1911
Lees
K
1049.0
1010.0
5.16
79.59%
5.82
1.12
Sources:
Boddington brewing record held at Manchester Central Library, document number M693/405/126.
Adnams brewing record Book 2 held at the brewery.
Warwicks & Richardsons brewing record held at the Nottinghamshire Archives, document number DD/NM/8/4/1.
London Mild Ale before WW I
Year
Brewer
Beer
OG
FG
ABV
App. Atten-uation
lbs hops/ qtr
hops lb/brl
1914
Whitbread
X
1052.1
1010.0
5.57
80.80%
6.04
1.29
1914
Barclay Perkins
X
1051.3
1013.6
4.99
73.54%
5.49
1.15
1914
Fullers
X
1049.6
1011.1
5.09
77.65%
5.15
1.15
1910
Truman
X
1052.6
5.42
1.22
1914
Courage
X
1054.6
1019.4
4.65
64.47%
4.96
1.05
Sources:
Whitbread brewing record held at the London Metropolitan Archives, document number LMA/4453/D/01/079.
Barclay Perkins brewing record held at the London Metropolitan Archives, document number ACC/2305/1/603.
Fullers brewing record held at the brewery.
Truman brewing record held at the London Metropolitan Archives, document number B/THB/C/190.
Courage brewing record held at the London Metropolitan Archives, document number ACC/2305/08/247.
Scottish Mild Ale before WW I
Year
Brewer
Beer
OG
FG
ABV
App. Atten-uation
lbs hops/ qtr
hops lb/brl
1914
Thomas Usher
60/- MA
1038
1015
3.04
60.53%
5.00
0.79
1914
Thomas Usher
X
1045
1013
4.23
71.11%
7.25
1.35
1914
Thomas Usher
80/- MA
1046
1016.5
3.90
64.13%
5.00
0.96
1914
Thomas Usher
X 60/-
1051
1013.5
4.96
73.53%
7.25
1.52
1909
Maclay
Mild 42/-
1034
1013
2.78
61.76%
6.31
0.91
1909
Maclay
Mild 56/-
1061
1025
4.76
59.02%
6.31
1.63
1913
Younger, Wm.
XX
1055
1018
4.89
67.27%
4.07
0.87
1913
Younger, Wm.
XXK
1056
1016
5.29
71.43%
4.07
0.81
1913
Younger, Wm.
XXX
1065
1021.5
5.75
66.92%
4.55
1.15
Sources:
Thomas Usher brewing record held at the Scottish Brewing Archive, document number TU/6/1/5.
William Younger brewing record held at the Scottish Brewing Archive, document number WY/6/1/2/58.
Maclay brewing record held at the Scottish Brewing Archive, document number M/6/1/1/2.
This is an exceprt from Armistice! (http://www.lulu.com/shop/ronald-pattinson/armistice/paperback/product-23859948.html) my book on British brewing during WW I. Buy this wonderful book (http://www.lulu.com/shop/ronald-pattinson/armistice/paperback/product-23859948.html).
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Mild Ale had been the most popular style of beer since the mid-19th century. For most breweries, Mild Ale accounted for more than 50% of output.
In the second half of the 19th century, it was typical for a brewery to produce four Mild Ales, usually called X, XX, XXX, XXXXX. By 1914, many breweries had reduced their range of Mild Ales to just two or three. Most extreme was London, where the large breweries often brewed just a single Mild, called X Ale.
The number of Milds brewed wasn’t the only difference between London and the provinces. While a London X Ale had a gravity or at least 1050º, provincial versions could be as weak as 1040º. An XXX or XXXX Ale from the provinces was around the same strength as a London X.
While the provincial Milds are mostly hopped at a similar rate to London Milds – around 5 lbs per quarter of malt, those from Boddington are extremely lightly hopped.
Scottish Mild Ales follow a similar pattern to provincial English versions, with the strongest examples about the same strength as a London X Ale. This was the last hurrah of Mild Ale in Scotland. After the war, very little of it was brewed.
As with provincial English Milds, the weakest examples are under 1040º. No London beer was as weak as that before the war.
Provincial Mild Ale before WW I
Year
Brewer
Beer
OG
FG
ABV
App. Atten-uation
lbs hops/ qtr
hops lb/brl
1914
Boddington
B
1037.0
1010.0
3.57
72.97%
2.86
0.51
1914
Boddington
BB
1047.0
1014.0
4.37
70.21%
3.62
0.85
1914
Boddington
XXX
1051.0
1015.0
4.76
70.59%
3.67
0.99
1914
Adnams
X
1033.0
1005.5
3.64
83.33%
4.38
0.58
1914
Adnams
XX
1042.0
1007.0
4.63
83.33%
4.20
0.73
1910
Warwicks
X
1043.2
1013.9
3.88
67.95%
5.00
0.85
1910
Warwicks
XX
1048.5
1014.7
4.47
69.71%
4.95
0.95
1910
Warwicks
XXX
1055.4
1017.7
4.98
68.00%
4.95
1.14
1911
Lees
U
1034.0
1007.0
3.57
79.41%
4.74
0.66
1911
Lees
K
1049.0
1010.0
5.16
79.59%
5.82
1.12
Sources:
Boddington brewing record held at Manchester Central Library, document number M693/405/126.
Adnams brewing record Book 2 held at the brewery.
Warwicks & Richardsons brewing record held at the Nottinghamshire Archives, document number DD/NM/8/4/1.
London Mild Ale before WW I
Year
Brewer
Beer
OG
FG
ABV
App. Atten-uation
lbs hops/ qtr
hops lb/brl
1914
Whitbread
X
1052.1
1010.0
5.57
80.80%
6.04
1.29
1914
Barclay Perkins
X
1051.3
1013.6
4.99
73.54%
5.49
1.15
1914
Fullers
X
1049.6
1011.1
5.09
77.65%
5.15
1.15
1910
Truman
X
1052.6
5.42
1.22
1914
Courage
X
1054.6
1019.4
4.65
64.47%
4.96
1.05
Sources:
Whitbread brewing record held at the London Metropolitan Archives, document number LMA/4453/D/01/079.
Barclay Perkins brewing record held at the London Metropolitan Archives, document number ACC/2305/1/603.
Fullers brewing record held at the brewery.
Truman brewing record held at the London Metropolitan Archives, document number B/THB/C/190.
Courage brewing record held at the London Metropolitan Archives, document number ACC/2305/08/247.
Scottish Mild Ale before WW I
Year
Brewer
Beer
OG
FG
ABV
App. Atten-uation
lbs hops/ qtr
hops lb/brl
1914
Thomas Usher
60/- MA
1038
1015
3.04
60.53%
5.00
0.79
1914
Thomas Usher
X
1045
1013
4.23
71.11%
7.25
1.35
1914
Thomas Usher
80/- MA
1046
1016.5
3.90
64.13%
5.00
0.96
1914
Thomas Usher
X 60/-
1051
1013.5
4.96
73.53%
7.25
1.52
1909
Maclay
Mild 42/-
1034
1013
2.78
61.76%
6.31
0.91
1909
Maclay
Mild 56/-
1061
1025
4.76
59.02%
6.31
1.63
1913
Younger, Wm.
XX
1055
1018
4.89
67.27%
4.07
0.87
1913
Younger, Wm.
XXK
1056
1016
5.29
71.43%
4.07
0.81
1913
Younger, Wm.
XXX
1065
1021.5
5.75
66.92%
4.55
1.15
Sources:
Thomas Usher brewing record held at the Scottish Brewing Archive, document number TU/6/1/5.
William Younger brewing record held at the Scottish Brewing Archive, document number WY/6/1/2/58.
Maclay brewing record held at the Scottish Brewing Archive, document number M/6/1/1/2.
This is an exceprt from Armistice! (http://www.lulu.com/shop/ronald-pattinson/armistice/paperback/product-23859948.html) my book on British brewing during WW I. Buy this wonderful book (http://www.lulu.com/shop/ronald-pattinson/armistice/paperback/product-23859948.html).
https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-A-cqnWEKK0g/W-77Xyh1-8I/AAAAAAAAfms/ssPn8WUMPMsu6OZITAryewfaNKpAyZ53wCLcBGAs/s400/Armistice_front_words_thumb.jpg (http://www.lulu.com/shop/ronald-pattinson/armistice/paperback/product-23859948.html)
More... (http://barclayperkins.blogspot.com/2019/02/mild-ale-on-eve-of-ww-i.html)