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13-12-2016, 10:05
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I was looking for some statistics on UK beer exports. So I had a dive in "The British Brewing Industry 1830 - 1980". Didn’t find exactly what I was after. But I did find this: a breakdown of sales for various breweries between their tied houses and the free trade.

It's a topic I’d wanted to get some hard facts on. I was aware that the percentage of sales in their own tied estate varied a lot between breweries. With some not really selling into the free trade at all. Holts used to be like that in the 1980’s. They wouldn’t even sell to beer festivals. While others, especially Scottish brewers, had almost no tied trade.

The numbers below confirm this diversity. Though there are a couple of caveats. Scottish brewers may have owned very few pubs, but they made extensive use of loans ties. They controlled far more outlets than they owned.

And the club trade is counted as free. Even though most clubs were really tied. All the Liberal clubs in Leeds, for example, seemed to be tied to S & N. Bass Charrington also had a large chunk of the club trade tied up, as well as the many pubs they owned.

Also counted as free are a lot of off sales. Though not all, as breweries often owned off-licences as well as pubs. Off-sales also made up a much smaller percentage of sales back then.

One thing that stands out is the huge difference in the trade of three London brewers: Barclay Perkins, Meux and Whitbread. The first two had the typical tied estate model, with the vast majority of their beer sold in their own pubs. While Whitbread sold almost half their beer in the free trade. I think I understand why: they had long bottled a large percentage of their beer and had managed to get their bottled products into rivals’ pubs. Later clever use of the Whitbread “umbrella” got their bottles into even more other breweries’ tied houses.

I was surprised at just how big Ind Coope and Allsopp already were in the 1940’s, with an estate about half the size of one of the smaller members of the Big Six in the 1970’s.



Brewers' tied estates and free-trade distribution, 1948/9


Brewing company
Barrelage distributed to on/off licensed premises
Tied estate
Tenanted
Managed



Tied estate %
free trade/clubs canteens %
(numbers)
%
%


All (Brewers' Society Survey)*
69
31
54,940
83
17


Average of 22 Companies**
73
27
12,914
82
18


Barclay Perkins
88
12
1,005
96
4


Boddingtons'
99.9
0.1
209
75
25


Brakspear
93
7
141
97
3


Bristol Brewery Georges
94
6
756
98
2


Matthew Brown
87
13
550
93
7


Cameron
93
7
362
93
7


Eldridge Pope
81
19
192
92
8


J. W. Green
89
11
358
100
0


Greene King
88
12
502
82
18


Hall & Woodhouse
95
5
140
100
0


Ind Coope & Allsopp
68
32
2,697
79
21


McEwan
19
81
57
7
93


Meux
90
10
341
75
25


Mitchells & Butlers
77
23
873
14
86


Newcastle
85
15
324
59
41


Russells & Wrangham
37
63
93
90
10


H. & G. Simonds
63
37
1,222
94
6


John Smith's
74
26
842
75
25


Steward & Patteson
95
5
614
99.8
0.2


Strong
91
9
468
92
8


Tetley
64
36
378
86
14


Whitbread
51
49
808
96
4


Source:


"The British Brewing Industry 1830 - 1980" by T.R. Gourvish and R.G. Wilson, 1994, page 436.


* Barrelage data include Scotland, tied house data England and Wales only.


** Companies = earlier selection of 35, excluding Bass, Guinness and Tamplin (who made no returns) and Arrol, Colchester and Style & Winch (the subject of takeovers, but adding Simonds, Strong and Eldridge Pope.


Source: Brewers' Society, Brewing Returns, 1949, BS.




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