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27-02-2015, 08:11
Visit the Shut up about Barclay Perkins site (http://barclayperkins.blogspot.com/2015/02/materials-used-in-brewing-in-usa-1955.html)

You know what to expect by now. Numbers. Lots and lots of numbers and bugger all words. I’m saving up the words for people who pay me for them.

Let’s start with the raw numbers before I waste too many words on you.



Materials used in brewing in the USA 1955 - 1975 (lbs)


Year
Production (barrels)
Malt
Corn and corn products
Rice
Wheat
Barley
Sorghum grains and sorghum products
Soybeans and soybean prods.
sugar and syrups


1955
89,791,154
2,627,010,323
913,693,701
375,111,692
5,423,575
357,920

1,601,610
108,604,325


1956
90,697,911
2,650,652,911
871,955,351
424,954,817
3,679,525
10,000
38,700
1,181,776
109,404,864


1957
89,881,935
2,617,645,452
944,065,897
354,691,869
2,220,600

1,300
1,056,631
101,768,983


1958
89,010,812
2,577,543,842
954,414,553
336,354,124
1,971,900
495,000
649,000
1,143,739
97,209,348


1959
90,973,768
2,613,176,446
1,012,356,240
330,960,223
1,414,500

173,700
1,309,782
93,312,135


1960
94,547,867
2,697,409,939
1,058,989,007
351,812,764
1,426,000

45,000
1,419,098
98,684,775


1961
93,496,452
2,657,456,124
1,038,015,118
345,488,387
1,297,800
739
15,200
1,402,881
102,447,112


1962
96,417,543
2,715,251,671
1,075,306,335
337,923,616
1,206,000

60,340
1,526,045
121,331,649


1963
97,961,421
2,745,427,657
1,159,394,969
295,876,926
605,800
9,600
5,300
1,545,061
115,964,649


1964
103,017,915
2,885,121,764
1,265,020,486
273,811,073
575,600

3,218,132
1,618,204
106,371,666


1965
108,015,217
3,015,521,588
1,325,891,671
311,082,178
514,500

3,321,415
1,639,433
97,422,892


1966
109,736,341
3,071,600,745
1,316,086,216
334,865,023
481,365


1,618,239
98,792,117


1967
116,564,350
3,270,980,966
1,375,625,956
379,100,298
403,850

12,169,766
1,656,090
101,579,961


1968
117,523,511
3,309,955,668
1,302,371,115
394,510,574
332,600
1,600
41,452,889
1,761,403
120,504,135


1969
122,657,497
3,432,352,177
1,334,548,982
413,854,584
278,800
65,800
43,538,850
1,732,345
142,879,875


1970
134,653,881
3,721,405,457
1,448,830,267
506,065,825
229,200
2,055,860
15,027,460
1,736,287
202,416,492


1971
134,091,661
3,678,737,262
1,463,110,324
501,336,677
189,375
93,580
999,050
2,211,808
208,959,625


1972
140,326,680
3,853,687,171
1,518,935,036
536,974,228
158,800
79,560
778,270
1,839,278
199,423,919


1973
143,013,573
3,898,435,622
1,467,331,844
558,777,431
124,165
87,830

1,844,900
267,265,264


1974
153,053,027
4,172,512,952
1,518,206,361
593,190,144

52,944

1,578,736
310,933,052


1975
157,870,017
4,224,756,179
1,618,954,486
379,381,639

1,791,400

1,522,377
393,453,003


Source:


Various editions of the "The Brewers Almanac"




Obviously they’re much easier to understand expressed as percentages:



Materials used in brewing in the USA 1955 - 1975 (%)


Year
Malt
Corn and corn products
Rice
Wheat
Barley
Sorghum grains and sorghum products
Soybeans and soybean prods.
sugar and syrups


1955
65.16%
22.66%
9.30%
0.13%
0.01%

0.04%
2.69%


1956
65.26%
21.47%
10.46%
0.09%
0.00025%
0.00095%
0.03%
2.69%


1957
65.09%
23.48%
8.82%
0.06%

0.00003%
0.03%
2.53%


1958
64.93%
24.04%
8.47%
0.05%
0.01%
0.02%
0.03%
2.45%


1959
64.48%
24.98%
8.17%
0.03%

0.00%
0.03%
2.30%


1960
64.07%
25.16%
8.36%
0.03%

0.00%
0.03%
2.34%


1961
64.09%
25.04%
8.33%
0.03%
0.00002%
0.00%
0.03%
2.47%


1962
63.85%
25.29%
7.95%
0.03%

0.00%
0.04%
2.85%


1963
63.57%
26.85%
6.85%
0.01%
0.00022%
0.00%
0.04%
2.69%


1964
63.61%
27.89%
6.04%
0.01%

0.07%
0.04%
2.35%


1965
63.41%
27.88%
6.54%
0.01%

0.07%
0.03%
2.05%


1966
63.68%
27.29%
6.94%
0.01%


0.03%
2.05%


1967
63.62%
26.76%
7.37%
0.01%

0.24%
0.03%
1.98%


1968
64.01%
25.19%
7.63%
0.01%
0.00003%
0.80%
0.03%
2.33%


1969
63.93%
24.86%
7.71%
0.01%
0.00123%
0.81%
0.03%
2.66%


1970
63.10%
24.57%
8.58%
0.004%
0.03%
0.25%
0.03%
3.43%


1971
62.82%
24.99%
8.56%
0.003%
0.00160%
0.02%
0.04%
3.57%


1972
63.05%
24.85%
8.79%
0.003%
0.00130%
0.01%
0.03%
3.26%


1973
62.94%
23.69%
9.02%
0.002%
0.00142%

0.03%
4.31%


1974
63.25%
23.02%
8.99%

0.00080%

0.02%
4.71%


1975
63.82%
24.46%
5.73%

0.03%

0.02%
5.94%


Source:


Various editions of the "The Brewers Almanac"




Malt usage has bottomed out at around 63%. While corn rose to almost 28%, before falling back to 24%, just a little higher than in 1955. Rice is all over the place and shows no real trend. Sorghum, soya and unmalted wheat and barley are only used in tiny amounts. Sugar hovered around 2% then shot up to almost 6% in 1975.

Now let’s look at those figures in pounds per barrel:



Materials used in brewing in the USA 1955 - 1975 (lbs/brl.)


Year
Malt
Corn and corn products
Rice
Wheat
Barley
Sorghum grains and sorghum products
Soybeans and soybean prods.
sugar and syrups
other materials
total


1955
29.3
10.2
4.2
0.06
0.004

0.02
1.2

44.98


1956
29.2
9.6
4.7
0.04
0.0001
0.0004
0.01
1.2

44.75


1957
29.1
10.5
3.9
0.02


0.01
1.1

44.63


1958
29
10.7
3.8
0.02
0.006
0.007
0.01
1.1

44.64


1959
28.7
11.1
3.6
0.02

0.002
0.01
1

44.43


1960
28.5
11.2
3.7
0.02

0.0005
0.02
1

44.44


1961
28.4
11.1
3.7
0.01

0.0002
0.02
1.1

44.33


1962
28.2
11.2
3.5
0.01

0.0006
0.02
1.3

44.23


1963
28
11.8
3
0.006
0.0001
0.00005
0.02
1.2
0.0002
44.03


1964
28
12.3
2.7
0.006

0.03
0.02
1
0.005
44.06


1965
27.9
12.3
2.9
0.005

0.03
0.02
0.9
0.001
44.06


1966
27.5
12
3.1
0.004


0.01
0.9
0.0000
43.51


1967
28.1
11.8
3.3
0.003

0.1
0.01
0.9

44.21


1968
28.2
11.1
3.4
0.003
0.00001
0.35
0.01
1

44.06


1969
28
10.9
3.4
0.002
0.00005
0.35
0.01
1.2
0.05
43.91


1970
27.6
10.8
3.8
0.002
0.02
0.11
0.01
1.5
0.05
43.89


1971
27.4
10.9
3.7
0.001
0.0007
0.007
0.02
1.6

43.63


1972
27.5
10.8
3.8
0.001
0.0006
0.006
0.01
1.4

43.52


1973
27.3
10.3
3.9
0.0008
0.0006

0.01
1.9

43.41


1974
27.2
9.9
3.9

0.0003

0.01
2

43.01


1975
26.8
10.3
3.7

0.01

0.01
2.5

43.32


Source:


Various editions of the "The Brewers Almanac"




There’s a small decline in the amount of fermentable materials per barrel, presumably reflecting a small decline in average gravity. Something like this:



Year
estimated average OG


1955
1046.20


1956
1045.96


1957
1045.83


1958
1045.85


1959
1045.63


1960
1045.64


1961
1045.53


1962
1045.42


1963
1045.21


1964
1045.25


1965
1045.24


1966
1044.69


1967
1045.41


1968
1045.25


1969
1045.10


1970
1045.08


1971
1044.81


1972
1044.69


1973
1044.58


1974
1044.17


1975
1044.49




Hops next:



Hop usage in the USA 1955 - 1975


Year
hops lbs
hops lbs./ bbl.


1955
33,736,717
0.38


1956
32,938,442
0.36


1957
31,732,968
0.35


1958
30,419,008
0.34


1959
29,642,566
0.33


1960
30,825,243
0.33


1961
29,473,204
0.32


1962
29,896,445
0.31


1963
30,343,524
0.31


1964
30,446,822
0.30


1965
31,562,258
0.29


1966
31,054,401
0.28


1967
30,744,728
0.26


1968
29,231,847
0.25


1969
28,719,722
0.23


1970
38,195,191
0.23


1971
32,135,040
0.24


1972
33,467,886
0.24


1973
34,523,123
0.24


1974
36,777,733
0.24


1975
35,532,533
0.21


Source:


Various editions of the "The Brewers Almanac"




Despite beer output almost doubling in this period, the quantity of hops only slightly increased. Which translates to an almost halving of the pounds per barrel. 0.21 pounds is, er, eff all.

Let’s continue with a comparison with the UK. Raw numbers first:



Brewing materials in the UK 1955 - 1975 (lbs)


year
malt
unmalted corn
rice, maize, etc
sugar
total malt & adjuncts
bulk barrels


1955
967,178,464
5,214,272
53,552,800
171,276,672
1,197,222,208
24,324,623


1956
966,576,240
4,484,256
54,525,856
172,956,896
1,198,543,248
24,187,096


1957
993,716,416
1,549,408
59,607,968
175,243,376
1,230,117,168
24,839,755


1958
967,960,000
1,200,304
60,868,304
171,135,664
1,201,164,272
24,129,462


1959
995,160,768
896,784
66,080,672
175,728,224
1,237,866,448
25,023,044


1960
1,053,568,320
1,007,328
64,204,224
184,894,416
1,303,674,288
26,313,796


1961
1,108,484,944
945,840
65,499,392
195,594,448
1,370,524,624
27,600,860


1962
1,116,088,176
1,197,280
68,180,560
196,868,672
1,382,334,688
27,736,049


1963
1,122,290,288
1,557,472
72,167,088
196,114,128
1,392,128,976
27,942,561


1964
1,186,297,056
2,896,432
79,713,648
205,509,472
1,474,416,608
29,485,128


1965
1,189,365,072
6,875,904
82,308,576
203,116,592
1,481,666,144
29,579,855


1966
1,196,996,640
14,854,672
86,181,872
207,517,632
1,505,550,816
30,178,056


1967
1,211,628,992
16,429,504
86,881,200
213,954,160
1,528,893,856
30,751,420


1968
1,194,570,496
13,599,488
83,823,376
212,535,120
1,504,528,480
30,763,106


1969
1,272,590,480
19,633,488
86,823,968
238,948,304
1,617,996,240
32,211,837


1970
1,284,913,504
26,237,232
86,399,152
247,252,880
1,644,802,768
32,940,567


1971
1,334,859,232
30,776,480
84,139,440
271,794,656
1,721,569,920
34,360,000


1972
1,355,179,280
71,114,512
50,622,544
286,563,424
1,763,479,760
34,969,310


1973
1,378,987,008
69,291,264
45,776,752
282,339,344
1,776,394,480
35,338,345


1974
1,491,601,328
69,873,328
57,895,600
309,028,608
1,928,398,752
37,893,753


1975
1,513,065,568
83,982,864
72,000,768
297,172,064
1,966,221,264
38,238,657


Sources:


1954 - 1968: 1971 Brewers' Almanack, page 54


1969 "The Brewers' Society UK Statistical Handbook 1973", pages 16 - 17.


1970 - 1975 "The Brewers' Society UK Statistical Handbook 1978", page 19.


1970 - 1975 bulk barrelsStatistical Handbook of the British Beer & Pub Association 2005, p. 7





But the percentages are more use:



Brewing materials in the UK 1955 - 1975 (%)


year
malt
unmalted corn
rice, maize, etc
sugar
lbs per Imp. barrel
lbs per US barrel


1955
80.79%
0.44%
4.47%
14.31%
49.2
35.3


1956
80.65%
0.37%
4.55%
14.43%
49.6
35.5


1957
80.78%
0.13%
4.85%
14.25%
49.5
35.5


1958
80.59%
0.10%
5.07%
14.25%
49.8
35.7


1959
80.39%
0.07%
5.34%
14.20%
49.5
35.5


1960
80.82%
0.08%
4.92%
14.18%
49.5
35.5


1961
80.88%
0.07%
4.78%
14.27%
49.7
35.6


1962
80.74%
0.09%
4.93%
14.24%
49.8
35.7


1963
80.62%
0.11%
5.18%
14.09%
49.8
35.7


1964
80.46%
0.20%
5.41%
13.94%
50.0
35.9


1965
80.27%
0.46%
5.56%
13.71%
50.1
35.9


1966
79.51%
0.99%
5.72%
13.78%
49.9
35.8


1967
79.25%
1.07%
5.68%
13.99%
49.7
35.6


1968
79.40%
0.90%
5.57%
14.13%
48.9
35.1


1969
78.65%
1.21%
5.37%
14.77%
50.2
36.0


1970
78.12%
1.60%
5.25%
15.03%
49.9
35.8


1971
77.54%
1.79%
4.89%
15.79%
50.1
35.9


1972
76.85%
4.03%
2.87%
16.25%
50.4
36.2


1973
77.63%
3.90%
2.58%
15.89%
50.3
36.0


1974
77.35%
3.62%
3.00%
16.03%
50.9
36.5


1975
76.95%
4.27%
3.66%
15.11%
51.4
36.9


Sources:


1954 - 1968: 1971 Brewers' Almanack, page 54


1969 "The Brewers' Society UK Statistical Handbook 1973", pages 16 - 17.


1970 - 1975 "The Brewers' Society UK Statistical Handbook 1978", page 19.





Malt use has declined by 4 percentage points, while unmalted corn use has increased by the same amount. Rice and maize use is down a bit, while sugar is pretty much unchanged.

Hop usage came as a bit of a surprise:



Hop usage in the UK 1955 - 1975


year
bulk barrels
hops( lbs)
hops lbs/ Imperial barrel
hops lbs/ US barrel


1955
24,324,623
24,384,192
1.00
0.72


1956
24,187,096
24,507,840
1.01
0.73


1957
24,839,755
24,092,768
0.97
0.70


1958
24,129,462
23,393,440
0.97
0.70


1959
25,023,044
24,196,144
0.97
0.69


1960
26,313,796
25,353,552
0.96
0.69


1961
27,600,860
26,276,432
0.95
0.68


1962
27,736,049
25,360,944
0.91
0.66


1963
27,942,561
25,375,280
0.91
0.65


1964
29,485,128
26,583,872
0.90
0.65


1965
29,579,855
26,479,488
0.90
0.64


1966
30,178,056
25,997,328
0.86
0.62


1967
30,751,420
24,840,816
0.81
0.58


1968
30,763,106
22,428,448
0.73
0.52


1969
32,211,837
23,674,672
0.73
0.53


1970
32,940,567
24,050,208
0.73
0.52


1971
34,360,000
22,041,824
0.64
0.46


1972
34,969,310
21,118,048
0.60
0.43


1973
35,338,345
20,558,160
0.58
0.42


1974
37,893,753
19,012,672
0.50
0.36


1975
38,238,657
16,686,768
0.44
0.31


Sources:


1954 - 1968: 1971 Brewers' Almanack, page 54


1969 "The Brewers' Society UK Statistical Handbook 1973", pages 16 - 17.


1970 - 1975 "The Brewers' Society UK Statistical Handbook 1978", page 19.





The percentage decline in the hopping rate is even than in the US. It seemed a bit strange to me. This table including hop products might explain it:



Hop and hop products usage in the UK 1955 - 1975


year
hops
preparations of hops
hop substitutes


1955
217,716
92
27


1956
218,820
110
42


1957
215,114
91
28


1958
208,870
102
24


1959
216,037
107
29


1960
226,371
111
24


1961
234,611
112
10


1962
226,437
180
17


1963
226,565
246
25


1964
237,356
474
37


1965
236,424
599
57


1966
232,119
623
165


1967
221,793
672
104


1968
200,254
732
113


1969
211,381

hop powder


1970
214,734
1,614
-


1971
196,802
5,098
945


1972
188,554
3,937
3,917


1973
183,555
4,744
5,610


1974
169,756
9,173
10,413


1975
148,989
13,799
14,527


Sources:


1954 - 1968: 1971 Brewers' Almanack, page 54


1969 "The Brewers' Society UK Statistical Handbook 1973", pages 16 - 17.


1970 - 1975 "The Brewers' Society UK Statistical Handbook 1978", page 19.




There’s a big increase in the use of hop products. Unfortunately, I don’t know how to convert that into the equivalent quantity of hops.

I’ll finish with average OG in the UK:



Average OG in the UK 1955 - 1975


year
OG


1955
1037.13


1956
1037.22


1957
1037.42


1958
1037.48


1959
1037.52


1960
1037.25


1961
1037.41


1962
1037.70


1963
1037.70


1964
1037.66


1965
1037.67


1966
1037.63


1967
1037.46


1968
1037.36


1969
1037.14


1970
1036.90


1971
1036.90


1972
1036.90


1973
1037.00


1974
1037.10


1975
1037.30


Sources:


Brewers' Almanack 1962, p. 48


Statistical Handbook of the British Beer & Pub Association 2005, p. 7


Brewers' Almanack 1971, p. 45




Pretty dull, eh? The variation is tiny, with a low of 1036.9 and a high of 1037.7. In fact these two decades show the least change of any in the 20th century.

I would promise a third set of these numbers, but I’ll need to harvest the British ones. I’ve only got them up to 1978 at the moment.

More... (http://barclayperkins.blogspot.com/2015/02/materials-used-in-brewing-in-usa-1955.html)