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15-02-2015, 08:06
Visit the Shut up about Barclay Perkins site (http://barclayperkins.blogspot.com/2015/02/materials-used-in-brewing-in-usa-1941.html)

You’ve probably already guessed that you’re in for a whole load of numbers. Lots and lots of them. I’m still saving up spare words for Christmas. Don’t expect many.

Where to start? I know. With some numbers.



Materials used in brewing in the USA 1941 - 1955 (lbs)


Year
Production (barrels)
Malt
Corn and corn products
Rice
Wheat
Barley
Sorghum grains and sorghum products
Soybeans and soybean prods.
sugar and syrups
Other materials
total


1941
55,213,850
1,954,267,618
432,341,547
204,297,333
3,508,975



135,531,375

2,729,946,848


1942
63,716,697
2,260,303,931
566,807,517
171,364,293
3,712,050



147,271,062

3,149,458,853


1943
71,018,257
2,393,607,097
722,377,366
152,546,147
5,723,799



150,954,828
4,990,702
3,430,199,939


1944
81,725,820
2,290,435,572
873,894,609
185,699,432
35,879,734
187,376,446
(a)
(b)
183,936,092
9,133,202
3,766,355,087


1945
86,604,080
2,198,690,447
939,959,948
214,607,248
50,214,535
175,922,987
110,895,011
5,172,693
238,599,315
185,866
3,934,248,050


1946
84,977,700
2,163,269,238
790,676,699
240,830,895
48,056,971
159,593,299
156,556,138
6,691,056
226,412,612
5,739,591
3,797,826,499


1947
87,856,902
2,513,788,652
719,300,506
172,199,735
769,790
13,777,421
88,995,670
4,885,118
218,598,828
114,352,672
3,846,668,392


1948
91,291,219
2,796,262,968
810,144,155
302,281,030
5,129,348
7,962,618
34,821,925
4,126,934
193,275,206
26,857,753
4,180,861,937


1949
89,735,647
2,751,293,954
818,113,488
299,961,581
6,927,460
6,464,395
7,999,695
3,920,970
180,631,082
17,635,770
4,092,948,395


1950
88,807,075
2,707,240,886
852,074,810
320,830,068
7,284,480
3,701,700
629,392
3,701,383
154,875,158
285,520
4,050,623,397


1951
88,976,226
2,676,405,176
876,103,113
339,116,702
6,525,193
2,579,632
193,600
3,295,380
136,114,360
15,474
4,040,348,630


1952
89,600,916
2,653,518,877
920,372,813
337,305,542
6,236,085
802,828
829,650
3,099,651
119,930,017
8,676
4,042,104,139


1953
90,433,832
2,666,095,392
963,028,027
324,920,748
6,203,690
522,790
29,600
2,714,324
115,445,233
8,000
4,078,967,804


1954
92,561,067
2,727,540,671
1,004,501,475
313,680,318
5,986,583
363,900
67,500
2,020,341
113,417,170

4,167,577,958


1955
89,791,154
2,627,010,323
913,693,701
375,111,692
5,423,575
357,920

1,601,610
108,604,325

4,031,803,146


Source:


Various editions of the "The Brewers Almanac"



You know the drill. These numbers make much more sense as percentages:



Materials used in brewing in the USA 1941 - 1955 (%)


Year
Malt
Corn and corn products
Rice
Wheat
Barley
Sorghum grains and sorghum products
Soybeans and soybean prods.
sugar and syrups
Other materials


1941
71.59%
15.84%
7.48%
0.13%



4.96%



1942
71.77%
18.00%
5.44%
0.12%



4.68%



1943
69.78%
21.06%
4.45%
0.17%



4.40%
0.15%


1944
60.81%
23.20%
4.93%
0.95%
4.98%


4.88%
0.24%


1945
55.89%
23.89%
5.45%
1.28%
4.47%
2.82%
0.13%
6.06%
0.00%


1946
56.96%
20.82%
6.34%
1.27%
4.20%
4.12%
0.18%
5.96%
0.15%


1947
65.35%
18.70%
4.48%
0.02%
0.36%
2.31%
0.13%
5.68%
2.97%


1948
66.88%
19.38%
7.23%
0.12%
0.19%
0.83%
0.10%
4.62%
0.64%


1949
67.22%
19.99%
7.33%
0.17%
0.16%
0.20%
0.10%
4.41%
0.43%


1950
66.84%
21.04%
7.92%
0.18%
0.09%
0.02%
0.09%
3.82%
0.01%


1951
66.24%
21.68%
8.39%
0.16%
0.06%
0.00%
0.08%
3.37%
0.00%


1952
65.65%
22.77%
8.34%
0.15%
0.02%
0.02%
0.08%
2.97%
0.00%


1953
65.36%
23.61%
7.97%
0.15%
0.01%
0.00%
0.07%
2.83%
0.00%


1954
65.45%
24.10%
7.53%
0.14%
0.01%
0.00%
0.05%
2.72%



1955
65.16%
22.66%
9.30%
0.13%
0.01%

0.04%
2.69%



Source:


Various editions of the "The Brewers Almanac"




You can see that the malt content is continuing to fall, dropping to below 60% in 1945 and 1946. I assume that WW II thing had something to do with that. And with the use of raw barley and sorghum 1944 to 1946.

War-influenced years aside, there were only really four ingredients used in any quantities: malt, maize, rice and sugar. Though the quantities of the latter were quite small.

Now pounds of material per US barrel:



Materials used in brewing in the USA 1941 - 1955 (lbs per barrel)


Year
Malt
Corn and corn products
Rice
Wheat
Barley
Sorghum grains and sorghum products
Soybeans and soybean prods.
sugar and syrups
Other materials
Total


1941
35.4
7.8
3.7
0.06



2.5

49.46


1942
35.5
8.9
2.7
0.06



2.3

49.46


1943
33.7
10.2
2.1
0.08



2.1
0.07
48.25


1944
28.0
10.7
2.3
0.44
2.3
(a)
(b)
2.3
0.11
46.15


1945
25.4
10.9
2.5
0.58
2
1.3
0.06
2.8
0.002
45.54


1946
25.5
9.3
2.8
0.57
1.9
1.8
0.08
2.7
0.07
44.72


1947
28.6
8.2
2.0
0.009
0.2
1
0.06
2.5
1.3
43.87


1948
30.6
8.9
3.3
0.06
0.09
0.38
0.05
2.1
0.29
45.77


1949
30.7
9.1
3.3
0.08
0.07
0.09
0.04
2
0.2
45.58


1950
30.5
9.6
3.6
0.08
0.04
0.007
0.04
1.7
0.003
45.57


1951
30.1
9.8
3.8
0.07
0.03
0.002
0.04
1.5
0.0002
45.34


1952
29.6
10.3
3.8
0.07
0.009
0.009
0.03
1.3
0.0001
45.12


1953
29.5
10.6
3.6
0.07
0.006
0.0003
0.03
1.3
0.0001
45.11


1954
29.5
10.9
3.4
0.06
0.004
0.007
0.02
1.2

45.09


1955
29.3
10.2
4.2
0.06
0.004

0.02
1.2

44.98


Source:


Various editions of the "The Brewers Almanac"




Falling amounts of material per barrel can only mean one thing – falling average gravity. This is my calculation, based on 89 brewer’s pounds per imperial quarter:



YEAR
estimated average OG


1941
1050.79


1942
1050.79


1943
1049.55


1944
1047.39


1945
1046.77


1946
1045.93


1947
1045.05


1948
1047.00


1949
1046.81


1950
1046.80


1951
1046.56


1952
1046.33


1953
1046.32


1954
1046.31


1955
1046.20




You’ll see that this is remarkably similar to what happened in the UK – falling until just after the war then stabilising in the 1950’s.



Average UK gravity


Year
average OG


1941
1038.51


1942
1035.53


1943
1034.34


1944
1034.63


1945
1034.54


1946
1034.72


1947
1032.59


1948
1032.66


1949
1033.43


1950
1033.88


1951
1036.99


1952
1037.07


1953
1036.87


1954
1036.97


1955
1037.13


Sources:


Brewers' Almanack 1955, p. 50


Brewers' Almanack 1962, p. 48




Right. Some more UK numbers:



Materials used in brewing in the UK 1941 - 1955 (lbs)


year
malt
unmalted corn
rice, maize, etc
sugar
total malt & adjuncts
bulk barrels


1941
1,230,702,256
1,332,464
27,636,784
156,535,904
1,416,207,408
28,170,582


1942
1,222,827,424
5,896,352
42,807,184
158,079,264
1,429,610,224
29,584,656


1943
1,152,180,064
4,546,304
138,676,496
156,864,176
1,452,267,040
29,811,321


1944
1,189,570,816
16,036,496
139,005,552
163,368,464
1,507,981,328
31,380,684


1945
1,168,743,744
27,524,112
149,187,584
199,815,168
1,545,270,608
31,990,334


1946
1,117,423,776
15,428,000
126,867,776
200,482,352
1,460,201,904
31,066,950


1947
1,058,876,336
10,413,088
68,805,520
179,332,832
1,317,427,776
30,103,180


1948
1,063,976,928
7,833,168
67,970,672
161,678,496
1,301,459,264
28,813,725


1949
1,017,783,312
6,799,408
56,567,952
145,959,744
1,227,110,416
26,744,457


1950
1,018,538,864
6,291,488
50,904,000
144,018,224
1,219,752,576
25,339,062


1951
1,039,601,024
6,460,272
50,689,072
151,777,024
1,248,527,392
24,870,564


1952
1,042,992,944
5,823,104
52,325,168
155,213,632
1,256,354,848
25,285,589


1953
1,017,597,056
6,497,344
47,756,352
157,377,248
1,229,228,000
24,789,130


1954
966,476,224
5,848,528
51,744,560
166,275,760
1,190,345,072
24,153,387


1955
967,178,464
5,214,272
53,552,800
171,276,672
1,197,222,208
24,324,623


Sources:


Brewers' Almanack 1955, page 62


1971 Brewers'Almanack, page 54




Now as the more useful percentages:



Materials used in brewing in the UK 1941 - 1955 (%)


Year
malt
unmalted corn
rice, maize, etc
sugar
lbs per Imp. barrel
lbs per US barrel


1941
86.90%
0.09%
1.95%
11.05%
50.3
36.0


1942
85.54%
0.41%
2.99%
11.06%
48.3
34.6


1943
79.34%
0.31%
9.55%
10.80%
48.7
34.9


1944
78.88%
1.06%
9.22%
10.83%
48.1
34.5


1945
75.63%
1.78%
9.65%
12.93%
48.3
34.6


1946
76.53%
1.06%
8.69%
13.73%
47.0
33.7


1947
80.37%
0.79%
5.22%
13.61%
43.8
31.4


1948
81.75%
0.60%
5.22%
12.42%
45.2
32.4


1949
82.94%
0.55%
4.61%
11.89%
45.9
32.9


1950
83.50%
0.52%
4.17%
11.81%
48.1
34.5


1951
83.27%
0.52%
4.06%
12.16%
50.2
36.0


1952
83.02%
0.46%
4.16%
12.35%
49.7
35.6


1953
82.78%
0.53%
3.89%
12.80%
49.6
35.6


1954
81.19%
0.49%
4.35%
13.97%
49.3
35.3


1955
80.79%
0.44%
4.47%
14.31%
49.2
35.3


Sources:


Brewers' Almanack 1955, page 62


1971 Brewers'Almanack, page 54




You can see that the malt percentage was much higher in the UK and never fell below 75%. The war seems to have affected maize usage the most. The dip in the early war years was doubtless due to the difficulties of importing it. The surge in its use in the later war years was probably due to renewed supplies from the USA.

Now for hops.



Hop usage in the USA 1934 - 1940


YEAR
HOPS
LBS./ BBL.


1941
31,154,676
0.56


1942
34,511,559
0.54


1943
34,833,108
0.49


1944
36,514,843
0.45


1945
37,085,950
0.43


1946
37,555,031
0.44


1947
40,506,913
0.46


1948
41,576,128
0.46


1949
39,629,621
0.44


1950
37,889,576
0.43


1951
36,231,622
0.41


1952
35,233,507
0.39


1953
34,944,509
0.39


1954
35,127,350
0.38


1955
33,736,717
0.38


Source:


Various editions of the "The Brewers Almanac"




The amount of hops used per barrel continued to fall. While in the UK it was much more constant:



Hop usage in the UK 1941 - 1955


year
bulk barrels
hops( lbs)
hops lbs/ Imperial barrel
hops lbs/ US barrel


1941
28,170,582
28,151,648
1.00
0.72


1942
29,584,656
24,976,784
0.84
0.61


1943
29,811,321
25,937,968
0.87
0.62


1944
31,380,684
27,316,800
0.87
0.62


1945
31,990,334
27,420,064
0.86
0.61


1946
31,066,950
25,334,064
0.82
0.58


1947
30,103,180
24,389,008
0.81
0.58


1948
28,813,725
25,924,640
0.90
0.65


1949
26,744,457
26,113,696
0.98
0.70


1950
25,339,062
26,093,648
1.03
0.74


1951
24,870,564
25,659,872
1.03
0.74


1952
25,285,589
25,593,344
1.01
0.73


1953
24,789,130
25,263,728
1.02
0.73


1954
24,153,387
24,286,192
1.01
0.72


1955
24,324,623
24,384,192
1.00
0.72


Source:


1971 Brewers' Almanack, page 54


1953 Brewers' Almanack 1955, page 62.



Again, using the standard barrel to iron out the difference in average gravity between the US and UK, the difference is even more striking:



Hop usage in the UK 1914 - 1920


year
standard barrels
hops( lbs)
hops lbs/ Imperial barrel
hops lbs/ US barrel


1941
18,351,113
28,151,648
1.53
1.10


1942
19,294,605
24,976,784
1.29
0.93


1943
18,293,919
25,937,968
1.42
1.02


1944
19,193,773
27,316,800
1.42
1.02


1945
19,678,449
27,420,064
1.39
1.00


1946
20,612,225
25,334,064
1.23
0.88


1947
17,343,690
24,389,008
1.41
1.01


1948
18,061,390
25,924,640
1.44
1.03


1949
16,409,937
26,113,696
1.59
1.14


1950
16,337,315
26,093,648
1.60
1.15


1951
16,739,464
25,659,872
1.53
1.10


1952
16,958,628
25,593,344
1.51
1.08


1953
16,681,119
25,263,728
1.51
1.09


1954
16,525,316
24,286,192
1.47
1.05


1955
16,161,698
24,384,192
1.51
1.08


Source:


1971 Brewers' Almanack, page 54


1953 Brewers' Almanack 1955, page 62.



There’s still lots more of this to come.

More... (http://barclayperkins.blogspot.com/2015/02/materials-used-in-brewing-in-usa-1941.html)