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02-12-2013, 09:54
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No, I hadn't forgotten about this series. I just got a bit distracted, what with one thing and the other. Plus this type of post demands work. More than me just writing some bullshit.

On with the beers. There was one pretty obvious change in this period: the names changed from KXX and KXXX to KK and KKK. I can understand why. One less character to write on the barrel. The beers themselves didn't really change.

There's a slight downwards trend in gravity. The 1850's KXX averaged 1082.4, the equivalent beer in this set 1078.1. For KXXX, the fall was much smaller: from 1087.8 to 1087.5. Which means the gap in OG between KK and KKK has widened. Whereas the rate of attenuation has remained pretty much the same: about 65% for KXX/KK and 67% for KXXX/KKK.

Boil times, pitching temperature, max fermentation temperature and length of fermentation are also pretty much the same as in the 1850's. This is all sounding a little dull, isn't it? Don't worry. There is one are of relatively large change. That's what's coming next.

The hopping. Only three examples from the 1860's set had all English hops, while half the 1850's set did. The sources of foreign remains similar, principally America, Belgium and Bavaria, though this time with Austria and Brunswick thrown in. This was the period when large quantities of foreign hops started to flow into Britain. Partly due to the removal of import duty, but also because the British growers couldn't produce enough to meet demand.



Hop production and imports (cwt)


year
Acreage
UK production
yield per acre
Average price of English hops


net imports of foreign hops
exports of British hops






£
s
d




1857
50,974
426,049
8.35
4
2
8
18,711



1860
46,271
99,667
2.15
17
5
0
68,918



1870
60,594
700,000
11.55
3
7
8
127,853
3,365


1880
66,698
440,000
6.60
4
6
0
195,987
7,218


1890
53,961
283,629
5.26
10
9
4
181,698
6,164


Source:


1928 Brewers' Almanack, page 119



It wasn't just the source of hops which had changed. The hopping rate had, too. Up from an average of 14.96 lbs per quarter in the 1850's to an average of 15.96 lbs in the 1860's (that's for both KXX/KK and KXXX/KKK), For the individual beers, the hopping rate per barrel of KXX/KK rose from an average of 5.93 lbs to 6.39 lbs and KXXX/KKK from 6.59 lbs to 6.79 lbs.

No point in saying much about the grists as they remained 100% pale malt.

Now to compare X and K Ales. I think another table might be useful. These are averages extracted from the tables at the end:



Beer
OG
App. Atten-uation
lbs hops/ qtr
hops lb/brl


KK
1078.1
64.76%
15.98
6.39


KKK
1087.5
67.01%
15.91
6.79


XX
1081.6
63.79%
10.55
3.89


XXX
1091.6
60.42%
9.11
4.25



You cans see that the hopping rate of the K ales was about 50% higher, both per quarter and per barrel. Oddly, the average OG of the K Ales was a little lower than the X Ales. While KKK had a significantly higher degree of attenuation than XXX.

Nothing left but to show you the full tables:

First K Ales:



Whitbread K Ales in the 1860's


Date
Year
Beer
OG
FG
ABV
App. Atten-uation
lbs hops/ qtr
hops lb/brl
boil time (hours)
boil time (hours)
Pitch temp
max. fermen-tation temp
length of fermen-tation (days)
comments


2nd Apr
1860
KXX
1077.6
1028.8
6.45
62.86%
17.04
7.57
1.5
2
60º
71º
2 + 4
English hops.


7th May
1861
KXX
1075.9
1028.8
6.23
62.04%
16.96
6.75
1.5
2
60º
º
8
Austrian, Brunswick and English hops.


10th Jan
1862
KXX
1077.6
1028.3
6.52
63.57%
16.99
6.97
1.5
2
60º
º
7
Bavarian and English hops.


21st Oct
1862
KXX
1080.9
1029.4
6.82
63.70%
16.91
6.94
1.5
2
60º
74º
5
American and English hops.


9th Nov
1863
KXX
1078.9
1027.1
6.85
65.61%
16.96
6.46
1.5
2
60º
º
5
Bavarian and English hops.


21st Nov
1864
KK
1084.2
1026.3
7.66
68.75%
15.08
6.28


60º
º
5
American and English hops


29th Nov
1865
KK
1082.3
1024.7
7.62
70.03%
16.86
6.36


60º
º
6
American and English hops


19th Nov
1866
KK
1070.6
1029.1
5.50
58.82%
13.90
5.18


58º
º
5
English hops


22nd Oct
1867
KK
1077.6
1027.1
6.67
65.00%
14.39
6.01


58º
º
8
Bavarian and English hops


18th Nov
1868
KK
1075.1
1024.7
6.67
67.16%
14.73
5.37


58º
º
6
American and English hops


16th May
1861
KXXX
1085.9
1031.6
7.18
63.23%
16.38
7.44
1.5
2
60º
º
6
American, Brunswick and English hops.


9th Jan
1862
KXXX
1089.5
1033.2
7.44
62.85%
16.23
7.16
1.5
2
60º
º
5
Bavarian, American and English hops.


17th Nov
1863
KXXX
1089.2
1027.7
8.14
68.94%
15.99
7.05
1.5

60º
º
5
Bavarian, American and English hops.


23rd Feb
1864
KXXX
1089.2
1031.9
7.59
64.29%
16.10
6.59
1.5
2
60º
75.5º

Bavarian, American and English hops.


26th Jan
1865
KKK
1088.6
1022.2
8.79
75.00%
16.21
6.63


60º
76º
3 + 3
English hops


14th Oct
1867
KKK
1082.5
1026.6
7.40
67.79%
14.55
5.87


58º
º
6
Bavarian and English hops


Sources:


Whitbread brewing records held at the London Metropolitan Archives, document numbers LMA/4453/D/01/024, LMA/4453/D/01/025, LMA/4453/D/01/026, LMA/4453/D/01/027, LMA/4453/D/01/028, LMA/4453/D/01/029, LMA/4453/D/01/030 , LMA/4453/D/01/031, LMA/4453/D/01/033 and LMA/4453/D/01/034.



http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Rl47RYWUYOA/UphufUh0ivI/AAAAAAAASeM/ZhnQ2CuCKBQ/s320/Whitbread_K_Ales_1860s.jpg (http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Rl47RYWUYOA/UphufUh0ivI/AAAAAAAASeM/ZhnQ2CuCKBQ/s1600/Whitbread_K_Ales_1860s.jpg)

Then X Ales:



Whitbread X Ales in the 1860's


Date
Year
Beer
OG
FG
ABV
App. Atten-uation
lbs hops/ qtr
hops lb/brl
boil time (hours)
boil time (hours)
Pitch temp
max. fermen-tation temp
length of fermen-tation (days)
comments


7th Apr
1860
X
1065.6
1024.9
5.39
62.03%
8.93
3.07
1.5
2
64º
º
6
English hops.


9th Sep
1861
X
1067.6
1023.5
5.83
65.16%
9.64
3.20
1.33
2
64º
75º
3 + 2
Bavarian and English hops.


18th Sep
1862
X
1067.6
1020.8
6.19
69.26%
9.43
3.09
1.5
2
64º
74.5º
2 + 3
Bavarian and English hops.


25th Aug
1863
X
1064.0
1021.1
5.68
67.10%
10.47
3.49
1.5
2
64º
74º
3 + 2
Bavarian and English hops.


19th Oct
1863
X
1065.6
1021.1
5.90
67.93%
8.38
2.75
1.5
2
64º
º

Bavarian and English hops.


11th Aug
1863
X
1065.9
1021.6
5.86
67.23%
10.32
3.44
1.5
2
64º
º
5
Bavarian and English hops.


21st Jul
1864
X
1066.5
1019.4
6.23
70.83%
10.14
3.32


64º
º
6
Bavarian, English and Belgian hops


19th Oct
1865
X
1067.0
1019.4
6.30
71.07%
9.46
2.67


64º
74º
3 + 4
English hops


7th Jul
1865
X
1067.6
1022.7
5.94
66.39%
9.94
3.35


64º
74º
3 + 2
English hops


17th Aug
1866
X
1070.4
1027.1
5.72
61.42%
9.43
3.36


60º
º
6
English hops


16th May
1867
X
1067.9
1019.9
6.34
70.61%
5.47
1.79


64º
74º
3 + 4
English hops


6th Feb
1868
X
1061.8
1015.8
6.08
74.44%
5.35
1.49


64º
º
7
Belgian and Brunswick hops


31st Jul
1869
X
1054.3
1016.1
5.06
70.41%
9.67
2.50
?
2
64º
º
6
Bavarian, Belgian and English hops.


22nd May
1861
XL
1072.0
1027.7
5.86
61.54%
8.92
3.07
1.5
2
64º
72.5º
3 + 3
English hops.


26th Jul
1861
XL
1073.1
1027.7
6.01
62.12%
9.55
3.33
1.5
2
60º
º
5
Brunswick and English hops.


20th Oct
1862
XL
1074.5
1027.1
6.27
63.57%
8.75
3.09
1.5
2
60º
74º
4 + 1
Bavarian and English hops.


8th Aug
1863
XL
1069.5
1022.2
6.27
68.13%
10.47
3.88
1.5
2
60º
º
5
Bavarian and English hops.


6th Aug
1864
XL
1076.7
1026.0
6.71
66.06%
10.24
3.92


60º
74º
3 + 3
American, English and Bavarian hops


14th Jul
1865
XL
1074.2
1027.4
6.19
63.06%
10.42
3.68


60º
º
5
English hops


1st Sep
1866
XL
1072.6
1025.8
6.19
64.50%
9.37
3.47


60º
71.5º
3 + 3
English hops


16th May
1867
XL
1071.2
1026.0
5.97
63.42%
9.01
3.05


60º
74º
3 + 3
English hops


25th Aug
1868
XL
1070.4
1020.8
6.56
70.47%
9.61
3.08


60º
º
5
Belgian, English and Bavarian hops


6th Aug
1869
XL
1062.0
1018.3
5.79
70.54%
10.01
4.14
1.5
2
60º
º
5
American, Belgian and English hops.


7th May
1860
XX
1081.4
1029.9
6.82
63.27%
10.01
4.39
1.5
2
60º
º
5
English hops.


14th May
1861
XX
1077.0
1032.1
5.94
58.27%
8.45
3.52
1.5

60º
º
6
English hops.


20th Oct
1862
XX
1081.7
1029.9
6.85
63.39%
8.75
3.38
1.5
2
60º
73.5º
4 + 1
Bavarian and English hops.


26th Oct
1863
XX
1084.5



7.75
3.24
1.5
2
60º
º
5
Bavarian and English hops.


19th Aug
1864
XX
1084.2
1028.8
7.33
65.79%
10.19
3.92


60º
74º
3 + 3
American, English and Bavarian hops


1st Sep
1866
XX
1083.9
1032.7
6.78
61.06%
9.37
4.02


60º
73º
3 + 3
English hops


3rd Jun
1867
XX
1082.3
1031.3
6.74
61.95%
9.09
3.21


60º
74º
3 + 1
English hops


25th Aug
1868
XX
1080.9
1027.1
7.11
66.44%
9.61
3.54


60º
º
4
Belgian, English and Bavarian hops


27th Oct
1869
XX
1078.7
1028.5
6.63
63.73%
14.47
5.81
1.5
2
58º
º
6
American, Bavarian and English hops.


7th Apr
1860
XXX
1092.8
1038.5
7.18
58.51%
8.93
4.34
1.5
2
60º
º
6
English hops.


14th May
1860
XXX
1093.6
1038.2
7.33
59.17%
9.90
4.95
1.5
2
60º
º
6
English hops.


9th Sep
1861
XXX
1089.5
1036.6
7.00
59.13%
9.64
4.24
1.33
2
60º
72º
3 + 2
Bavarian and English hops.


2nd Nov
1863
XXX
1090.9



8.04
3.78
1.5
2
60º
º
5
Bavarian and English hops.


2nd Nov
1864
XXX
1091.4
1032.1
7.84
64.85%
9.03
3.96


60º
º
5
American and English hops


Sources:


Whitbread brewing records held at the London Metropolitan Archives, document numbers LMA/4453/D/01/024, LMA/4453/D/01/025, LMA/4453/D/01/026, LMA/4453/D/01/027, LMA/4453/D/01/028, LMA/4453/D/01/029, LMA/4453/D/01/030 , LMA/4453/D/01/031, LMA/4453/D/01/032, LMA/4453/D/01/033, LMA/4453/D/01/034 and LMA/4453/D/01/035.



http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-3uGO0TfJpGw/UphusCyRBZI/AAAAAAAASeU/TNX0_4_2qgg/s320/Whitbread_X_Ales_1860s.jpg (http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-3uGO0TfJpGw/UphusCyRBZI/AAAAAAAASeU/TNX0_4_2qgg/s1600/Whitbread_X_Ales_1860s.jpg)

Where next? 1870's, perhaps.

More... (http://barclayperkins.blogspot.com/2013/12/whitbread-k-ales-in-1860s.html)