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17-05-2013, 08:59
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I bet you thought I'd forgotten about this, the second part of my look at Drybrough PI in WW I. I hadn't. Just got distracted by holidays and the like.

And, yes, the quantity of data to fiddle with put me off, too. At this rate my series on Drybrough's beer will last until judgement day. Or maybe a little longer. We may have devolved back into worms by the time I'm done.

Some general remarks to start with. The recipes for all three beers are generally similar: 80% pale malt, 20% sugar (or sugar and flaked maize). Which is pretty typical for all Pale Ales of the period. It's a point I've made many time before, but I'll repeat it again: crystal malt in Pale Ales was almost unknown before WW I and not common until after WW II.

Note that pale malt (or the closely related PA malt) is the only malt used in any of the beers. Though it's also clear that Drybrough's and Fuller's beers have been darkened with some sort of sugar. I suspect that Whitbread were colour adjusting with caramel at racking time. That's what they did after the war to hit their colour standard.

Which begs the question, when did they stop trying to make Pale Ale as pale as possible and start deliberately darkening it? Looking over my tables, it seems Fuller's started adding caramel to AK in 1902. Barclay Perkins started adding caramel to their Ordinary Bitter, XLK, just before the outbreak of WW I. Interesting, that. I wonder what the reason was? Because it's before the big drop in gravity, which would have been an obvious cause.

Whitbread were the most conservative, or consistent, depending on how you look at. As the "other sugar" is almost certainly No. 1 invert, there's almost no change at all. Except that in 1917 and 1918 the percentage of sugar fell, because it was rationed:


"About this [October 1917] time sugar became rationed and brewers were only allowed to use 25 per cent, of the amount they used in 1915."
Journal of the Institute of Brewing Volume 46, Issue 4, August 1940, page 273.The effect of sugar rationing is also apparent in the grists of Drybrough and Fuller's. In October 1917 the percentage of sugar in Drybrough's PI grist fell from 9% to 5%. At Fuller's the reduction was even more dramatic, from 10-15% to just over 2%.

As a result of the lowering of the amount of sugar used, the malt percentage in the grist went over 90% at all three breweries. Ironic, that a side-effect of the war should be to increase the malt content of beer. Though it is logical. Barley has limited use in feeding humans, whereas the opposite is true of sugar.

British brewers' love of sugar is demonstrated by the fact that when it became available again, the percentage used went back up to pre-war level, or even a little higher.

Drybrough's use of Poperinge hops throughout the war is a bit surprising. Especially as they weren't all from the pre-war crop. In 1918 they were using ones from the 1916 harvest. While Poperinge was in the corner of Belgium unoccupied by the Germans, it was just behind the front lines and subject to shelling and other disruption.

Fuller's used Poperinge hops, too, but only at the start of the war and after its end. The main attraction of this type of hops was their price. They were amongst the cheapest available. For most of the war, like Whitbread, Fuller's used English hops, mostly from Kent. There were plenty to go around. The reduction in demand for hops caused by falling gravities produced a glut of English hops. Only government intervention stopped most farmers going bust.




Drybrough PI 1914 - 1919


Date
Year
Beer
OG
FG
ABV
App. Atten-uation
pale malt
no. 1 sugar
no. 2 sugar
no. 3 sugar
no. 4 sugar
caramel
glucose
other sugar
total sugar
flaked maize
flaked rice
hops


29th Dec
1914
PI
1044.0
1015.0
3.84
65.91%
82.31%
2.89%
5.78%




0.36%
9.03%
4.33%
4.33%
Californian and English


5th Jan
1915
PI
1044.0
1014.0
3.97
68.18%
82.40%
4.29%
5.15%




0.43%
9.87%
7.73%

Californian and English


8th Jan
1915
PI
1044.0
1014.0
3.97
68.18%
73.93%
2.84%
5.69%
5.69%



0.47%
14.69%
11.37%

Californian and English


14th Jul
1915
PI
1044.0
1013.0
4.10
70.45%
81.28%
4.28%
5.70%




0.18%
10.16%
8.56%

Californian and English


14th Dec
1915
PI
1042.0
1013.0
3.84
69.05%
82.62%
2.62%
6.56%




0.33%
9.51%
7.87%

Poperinge and English


7th Jan
1916
PI
1045.0
1014.0
4.10
68.89%
81.47%
3.67%
5.87%


0.18%


9.72%
8.81%

Poperinge and English


18th Jul
1916
PI
1043.0
1013.0
3.97
69.77%
82.07%
3.70%
5.18%


0.18%


9.06%
8.87%

Poperinge, New Zealand and English


4th Aug
1916
PI
1043.0
1013.0
3.97
69.77%
82.25%

9.14%


0.18%


9.31%
8.44%

Poperinge, New Zealand and English


18th Oct
1916
PI
1042.0
1013.0
3.84
69.05%
81.47%
3.67%
5.87%


0.18%


9.72%
8.81%

Poperinge, New Zealand and English


16th Jan
1917
PI
1041.0
1012.0
3.84
70.73%
80.61%
3.84%
6.14%


0.19%


10.17%
9.21%

Poperinge, New Zealand and English


13th Feb
1917
PI
1036.0
1012.0
3.18
66.67%
80.50%
3.35%
5.87%


0.21%


9.43%
10.06%

Poperinge, New Zealand and English


14th Aug
1917
PI
1035.0
1010.0
3.31
71.43%
85.09%
0.98%
7.82%


0.24%


9.05%
5.87%

Poperinge, New Zealand and English


15th Aug
1917
PI
1034.0
1010.0
3.18
70.59%
85.51%
3.80%

1.90%

0.24%

2.85%
8.79%
5.70%

Poperinge, New Zealand and English


16th Aug
1917
PI
1035.0
1010.0
3.31
71.43%
80.98%
4.50%
8.90%


0.22%


13.62%
5.40%

Poperinge, New Zealand and English


17th Aug
1917
PI
1035.0
1010.0
3.31
71.43%
85.09%
1.96%
4.89%


0.24%

1.96%
9.05%
5.87%

Poperinge, New Zealand and English


17th Aug
1917
PI
1029.0
1009.0
2.65
68.97%
85.09%
1.96%
4.89%


0.24%

1.96%
9.05%
5.87%

Poperinge, New Zealand and English


20th Aug
1917
PI
1034.0
1010.0
3.18
70.59%
82.15%
0.98%
5.87%


0.24%

1.96%
9.05%
8.80%

Poperinge, New Zealand and English


19th Oct
1917
PI
1033.0
1010.0
3.04
69.70%
90.85%
1.26%
3.79%


0.32%


5.36%
3.79%

Poperinge and English


23rd Oct
1917
PI
1037.0
1011.0
3.44
70.27%
86.65%
0.88%
3.50%


0.22%

0.88%
5.47%
7.88%

Poperinge and English


6th Nov
1917
PI
1038.0
1013.0
3.31
65.79%
88.68%

2.77%
1.85%

0.23%

0.92%
5.77%
5.54%

Poperinge and English


21st Dec
1917
PI
1037.0
1011.0
3.44
70.27%
84.92%

4.92%


0.31%

2.46%
7.69%
7.38%

Poperinge and English


22nd Jan
1918
PI
1037.0
1011.0
3.44
70.27%
84.03%

4.38%
1.75%

0.22%

1.75%
8.10%
7.88%

English


27th Jan
1918
PI
1037.0
1011.0
3.44
70.27%
83.30%

5.21%


0.22%

3.47%
8.89%
7.81%

English


19th Feb
1918
PI
1038.0
1010.0
3.70
73.68%
83.72%

6.77%
1.69%

0.21%


8.67%
7.61%

English


26th Feb
1918
PI
1037.0
1010.0
3.57
72.97%
84.46%

7.04%


0.29%

1.17%
8.50%
7.04%

English


5th Mar
1918
PI
1038.0
1010.0
3.70
73.68%
83.30%

6.94%
0.87%

0.22%

0.87%
8.89%
7.81%

English


8th Mar
1918
PI
1038.0
1011.0
3.57
71.05%
85.23%

2.27%

2.27%
5.68%

1.14%
11.36%
3.41%

English


23rd Jul
1918
PI
1030.0
1009.0
2.78
70.00%
91.18%

2.94%

3.92%


1.96%
8.82%


Poperinge and English


13th Aug
1918
PI
1030.0
1009.0
2.78
70.00%
85.40%

2.92%

1.46%
7.30%

2.92%
14.60%


Poperinge and English


23rd Oct
1918
PI
1030.0
1009.0
2.78
70.00%
91.18%

6.86%




1.96%
8.82%


Poperinge and English


29th Oct
1918
PI
1030.0
1010.0
2.65
66.67%
85.40%

5.84%


7.30%

1.46%
14.60%


Poperinge and English


24th Jan
1919
PI
1030.0
1009.0
2.78
70.00%
89.61%

10.39%





10.39%


Poperinge and English


28th Jan
1919
PI
1030.0
1010.0
2.65
66.67%
87.88%

8.08%



4.04%

12.12%


Poperinge and English


7th Feb
1919
PI
1030.0
1010.0
2.65
66.67%
85.71%

7.14%


7.14%


14.29%


Poperinge and English


2nd Jul
1919
PI
1029.0
1010.0
2.51
65.52%
100.00%







0.00%


English


3rd Jul
1919
PI
1031.0
1010.0
2.78
67.74%
91.43%


8.57%




8.57%


English


8th Jul
1919
PI
1030.0
1009.0
2.78
70.00%
87.34%


5.06%

7.59%


12.66%


English


Source:


Drybrough brewing record held at the Scottish Brewing Archive, document number D/6/1/1/3



http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-JY4U3J6KxHo/UZH5hX92M9I/AAAAAAAARDA/_3ho87J2JHQ/s320/Drybrough_PI_grists_1914_1919.jpg (http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-JY4U3J6KxHo/UZH5hX92M9I/AAAAAAAARDA/_3ho87J2JHQ/s1600/Drybrough_PI_grists_1914_1919.jpg)



Whitbread FA 1914 - 1919


Date
Year
Beer
OG
FG
ABV
App. Atten-uation
pale malt
PA malt
no. 1 sugar
other sugar
hops


28th May
1914
FA
1047.4
1013.0
4.55
72.55%
22.28%
57.92%
19.80%

EK


4th Jun
1914
FA
1047.1
1013.0
4.51
72.39%
22.28%
57.92%
19.80%

EK


22nd Jun
1914
FA
1047.6
1014.0
4.45
70.62%
22.28%
57.92%
19.80%

EK


8th Oct
1914
FA
1048.5
1015.0
4.43
69.06%
22.28%
57.92%

19.80%
EK


29th Jan
1916
FA
1045.4
1013.0
4.29
71.38%
23.94%
55.85%

20.21%
EK


18th May
1917
FA
1045.7
1010.0
4.72
78.12%
26.16%
57.56%

16.28%
EK


24th Jul
1917
FA
1033.2
1005.0
3.74
84.96%
22.12%
61.95%
15.93%

EK


11th Oct
1917
FA
1035.2
1005.0
3.99
85.79%
22.73%
68.18%
9.09%

EK


5th Jun
1918
FA
1032.7
1008.0
3.27
75.52%
29.22%
68.18%
2.60%

EK


3rd Jul
1918
FA
1032.6
1007.0
3.38
78.51%
27.86%
60.37%
11.76%

EK


30th Oct
1918
FA
1032.4
1005.0
3.63
84.57%
21.33%
59.72%
18.96%

EK


5th Feb
1919
FA
1032.1
1006.0
3.46
81.33%
21.63%
59.13%
19.23%

EK


19th Mar
1919
FA
1032.4
1007.0
3.36
78.40%
21.95%
58.54%
19.51%

EK


Source:


Whitbread brewing record held at the London Metropolitan Archives document number LMA/4453/D/01/079, LMA/4453/D/01/080, LMA/4453/D/01/081, LMA/4453/D/01/082 and LMA/4453/D/01/084.





Fuller's AK 1914 - 1919


Date
Year
Beer
OG
FG
ABV
App. Atten-uation
pale malt
no. 2 sugar
glucose
invert sugar
caramel
total sugar
primings
flaked maize
hops


20th Nov
1914
AK
1044.3
1009.1
4.65
79.38%
78.89%
5.84%
5.84%

0.17%
15.26%
3.40%
5.84%
MK, Poperinge, Cobbs and Oregon


8th Dec
1914
AK
1044.1
1009.4
4.58
78.63%
81.38%

5.56%
5.56%

12.36%
1.23%
6.26%
MK, Poperinge, Cobbs and Oregon


2nd Jul
1915
AK
1044.5
1009.7
4.61
78.22%
78.96%
6.68%
6.68%


14.77%
1.40%
6.27%
MK and Cobbs


1st Jun
1916
AK
1043.9
1009.7
4.53
77.93%
79.27%
6.61%
6.61%


15.77%
2.56%
4.95%
MK and Cobbs


3rd Aug
1916
AK
1042.7
1008.9
4.47
79.23%
82.40%
4.85%
4.85%


12.75%
3.06%
4.85%
MK and Cobbs


26th Oct
1916
AK
1041.0
1006.6
4.54
83.78%
80.05%
6.47%
8.09%


15.10%
0.55%
4.85%
MK and Cobbs


3rd Nov
1916
AK
1041.7
1005.8
4.74
86.04%
80.16%
5.73%
5.73%


14.12%
2.67%
5.73%
MK and Cobbs


12th Jan
1917
AK
1041.8
1007.8
4.50
81.44%
80.82%
5.26%
5.26%


13.27%
2.76%
5.91%
MK and Cobbs


19th Jan
1917
AK
1040.7
1007.5
4.40
81.63%
82.98%
5.40%
5.40%


10.95%
0.16%
6.07%
MK and Cobbs


13th Apr
1917
AK
1041.5
1008.3
4.39
79.99%
83.03%
5.40%
5.40%


10.90%
0.10%
6.08%
MK and Cobbs


20th Jun
1917
AK
1038.6
1006.4
4.27
83.51%
86.64%
3.85%
5.78%


13.36%
3.74%

MK and Cobbs


8th Aug
1917
AK
1035.4
1006.4
3.84
82.00%
97.77%




2.23%
2.23%

MK and Cobbs


1st Nov
1917
AK
1035.9
1007.8
3.73
78.41%
92.36%



0.17%
2.42%
2.25%
5.23%
MK and Cobbs


14th Nov
1917
AK
1036.1
1008.3
3.68
76.98%
92.38%



0.23%
2.31%
2.09%
5.31%
MK and Cobbs


2nd Jan
1918
AK
1035.5
1007.5
3.70
78.92%
92.13%
5.94%


0.13%
7.87%
1.80%

MK and Cobbs


16th Jan
1918
AK
1036.1
1011.1
3.32
69.35%
91.58%
3.05%
3.05%

0.16%
8.42%
2.15%

MK and Cobbs


11th Apr
1918
AK
1026.1
1005.5
2.73
78.81%
74.94%
12.49%
12.49%

0.08%
25.06%
0.00%

MK and Cobbs


20th Jun
1918
AK
1026.2
1005.5
2.73
78.84%
74.65%
19.14%
3.83%

0.09%
25.35%
2.29%

MK and Cobbs


7th Nov
1918
AK
1025.7
1005.0
2.74
80.60%
77.55%
18.35%


0.18%
22.45%
3.92%

MK and EK


16th Jan
1919
AK
1026.1
1006.1
2.64
76.62%
78.14%
8.14%
8.14%

0.17%
21.86%
5.41%

MK and EK


15th Apr
1919
AK
1026.0
1004.4
2.86
82.98%
74.21%
6.06%
8.08%

0.26%
21.25%
6.85%
4.54%
MK and WK


19th Jun
1919
AK
1028.2
1004.7
3.10
83.28%
77.72%
6.76%
6.76%

0.14%
15.52%
1.86%
6.76%
MK and WK


25th Jun
1919
AK
1028.0
1005.3
3.01
81.21%
78.01%
8.00%
6.00%

0.27%
15.99%
1.72%
6.00%
MK and Cobbs


27th Aug
1919
AK
1030.5
1006.9
3.12
77.31%
74.03%
8.80%
8.80%

0.16%
17.91%
0.16%
8.06%
English and Poperinge


Source:


Fuller's brewing records held at the brewery.



http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ngMetVZ5UMU/UZH5pdHbmiI/AAAAAAAARDI/oT9j2pQtKm4/s320/Fullers_AK_grists_1914_1919.jpg (http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ngMetVZ5UMU/UZH5pdHbmiI/AAAAAAAARDI/oT9j2pQtKm4/s1600/Fullers_AK_grists_1914_1919.jpg)



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